Repairing 188bet mobile login: a rescue operation spanning 26 years and 30 countries

188bet mobile login Tourism Benefits Author of 188bet mobile login article: Cui Ying 2019-01-25
How the 188bet mobile login were reborn from the ruins,How to become a model for the world to jointly protect cultural heritage?

The solemn 188bet mobile login、The mysterious smiling Erawan Buddha、The graceful fairy relief...the protectors who brought the monuments back to life,Similarly impressed by their beauty。For this,They are willing to spend their whole lives。

One day in January 1861,In the tropical forest of Siem Reap,A magnificent ancient city,Appeared to French explorer Henri Mouhot。It is 188bet mobile login Wat with a history of more than 700 years。

actually,188bet mobile login Wat is only a small part of 188bet mobile login’s monuments。The latter is a huge building complex,Including Bayon Temple、Queen’s Palace、Bafang Temple、More than 60 ancient buildings including Ta Prohm Temple。They are the ruins of the Khmer Empire,Founded in the early 9th century,Abandoned in the 14th century。

Same year,Muao died of illness in the tropical rain forest。His travel notes were later compiled into a book,The book describes 188bet mobile login as follows: "There are some temples here that can be compared with our Solomon,As beautiful as if it were built by the ancient Michelangelo,It can be equal to the most beautiful buildings we think。”Because of his book,188bet mobile login became famous in the Western world。

After Cambodia became a French colony,Restoration and Protection of 188bet mobile login,Conducted by the French Far Eastern Institute (EFEO)。Angkor Archaeological Park was established,Queen’s Palace、Ta Prohm、Cardamom Temple、Bafang Temple is gradually restored。It can be said,It is precisely because of the French Far Eastern Institute,Scientific research and protection work on 188bet mobile login started。

But the fate of the 188bet mobile login was ill-fated。1970,The Cambodian civil war breaks out,Repair work was suspended。During the Khmer Rouge rule,33 Cambodian restoration experts murdered,Important restoration data was burned,188bet mobile login are overgrown with weeds,Some restored buildings were damaged again。

1992 became a key turning point in the fate of the Angkor monument - it was designated as an endangered heritage by UNESCO,Inscribed on the World Cultural Heritage List。Next year,With support from UNESCO,International Coordinating Committee for the Conservation and Development of Angkor Heritage (ICC-Angkor,hereinafter referred to as ICC) was established。From Cambodia、France、Italy、Representatives of 37 organizations from Japan and other countries attended the meeting,The international community has begun to join forces to protect 188bet mobile login。

Participated in the protection of Angkor,More than thirty countries,Including China。more than ten years,The China 188bet mobile login Protection Task Force established by the China Cultural Heritage Research Institute,Restored Zhou Sa Temple and Takeo Temple successively。More than seven hundred years after Zhou Daguan, the author of "Chenla Customs" visited Angkor,In this wonderful way,China and Angkor renew their relationship。

Quite interestingly,On how to restore the 188bet mobile login,Different countries often hold different ideas,There is even a controversy: some countries use new materials to supplement the ontology,Some countries believe that this will destroy the authenticity of the heritage;Another example,Some countries choose to reinforce the ruins,Some countries choose "disintegration restoration" of disintegration and reconstruction...in a sense,The restoration of Angkor that took many years,It is a multi-national rescue campaign,It is also a PK between them in terms of cultural heritage protection。

During this period,The collapsed building stands again,Scattered stones reset,188bet mobile login has taken off its "endangered" label。Someone sighed: "188bet mobile login is saved!”And many restoration experts who have worked hard to protect 188bet mobile login,Dedicated half his life to this。

26 years since the international action to protect 188bet mobile login was launched,Visitors visiting here,From few to bustling。2018,Angkor received 2.59 million tourists from 194 countries,Among them, Chinese tourists account for more than 40%,China is already the largest source of tourists to Angkor。

△ Tourists from all over the world in 188bet mobile login. Photography

How the 188bet mobile login were reborn from the ruins,How to become a model for the world to jointly protect cultural heritage?Around this topic,Gu Yu’s author’s comments on France’s participation in the restoration of 188bet mobile login、Japan、Swiss and Chinese experts conducted interviews,Knowing each other for 26 years,The story of many countries working together to protect Angkor。

Save 188bet mobile login

81-year-old Japanese archaeologist Yoshiaki Ishizawa told Guyu author,I will never forget,The first time I saw 188bet mobile login Wat when I was 23 years old。

This is the most complete preserved building among the 188bet mobile login,Surrounded by a moat。It is a golden altar of Mount Xumi,5 pagodas rising from the top of the temple,The tallest pagoda is 65 meters high。

188bet mobile login Wat had not yet become Cambodia’s cultural calling card。The largest temple in the world,Being shrouded in the sunset,Beautiful and breathtaking。Ishizawa Yoshiaki was deeply shocked by this scene。

“This large area of ​​​​building was born more than 800 years ago。I can’t help but be curious,How people at that time created this miracle。” Yoshiaki Ishizawa said。To find the answer,He devoted himself to the protection of 188bet mobile login without hesitation。1961,He entered the 188bet mobile login Protection Office,Start studying the inscription,And met a like-minded Cambodian friend Pich Keo。

At that time, Cambodia had just become independent from France for 8 years,Participated in the restoration of 188bet mobile login,Still mainly experts from the French Far Eastern Institute。They began to restore the Bafang Temple and the Southeast Gallery of Little Angkor with the relief of "Crumbling the Sea of ​​Milk"。Because I feel that the structure of Bafang Temple is unstable,Experts dismantled it into 300,000 stones,numbered,Planned reconstruction。

Unfortunately,1970,The Cambodian civil war breaks out,The fighting front advances between Siem Reap and 188bet mobile login Heritage Park。Facing the severe situation,All foreign experts had to evacuate Cambodia,Yoshia Ishizawa and Pich Keo lost contact。

300,000 stones in Bafang 188bet mobile login,Just scattered in the surrounding woods。

During this period,188bet mobile login protection work encountered catastrophe: 1975,Khmer Rouge supporters enter Phnom Penh,Burn the important materials stored there by the French Far Eastern Institute。Information recording the location of each stone in Bafang Temple,Also in it。

What’s even more sad is that,In the Holocaust,33 Cambodian experts who helped the French Far Eastern Institute restore the 188bet mobile login,Unfortunately killed。Some monuments that have been restored,Gradually dilapidated again。

August 1980,The most intense moment of the Cambodian Civil War,Yoshiaki Ishizawa, then a professor at Kagoshima University in Japan, went to Cambodia again,Investigating the 188bet mobile login。At that time, it was near the battle site between Pol Pot and Han Samlin,He has to worry about his personal safety,We must also think about how to save the 188bet mobile login from the war。

In this investigation,Discovered by Yoshiaki Ishizawa,The three main culprits that destroyed 188bet mobile login’s monuments,Rain respectively、Plants and Moss。They directly led to the collapse of the ruins。“A huge group of ruins that cannot express its pain,Are you also looking forward to the moment when you are discovered by the world?" Yoshiaki Ishizawa wrote in the book。

Loss of power in the Khmer Rouge、After the situation stabilizes slightly,Mid 1980s,Cambodia asks for help from the world,I hope some countries will help restore the 188bet mobile login。But at that time,Only India responded。One of the reasons,The 188bet mobile login are deeply influenced by Indian culture。

The first restoration project in India was 188bet mobile login Wat,Since 1986,6 years。

However,The way the Indian team has been repaired is worrying。The New York Times Magazine once described the scene of 188bet mobile login Wat being restored by the Indian team: "Under the command of Indians,Hundreds of Cambodian laborers with no experience in restoring historical monuments,Use a stiff brush and buckets of ammonia,Scrub those exquisite stone carvings,As if scrubbing the dirty kitchen floor。”

Indian experts say,This type of restoration can eradicate the plants that are devouring the monuments。Doubters think,Chemical cleaning agents will corrode the surface of monuments,They are "cleaning",Instead of "protecting monuments"。After cleaning,The sandstone of 188bet mobile login Wat reveals its original color,Get brighter,But because of this, I lost the sense of vicissitudes brought by the years。To this,Both the cultural heritage protection community and the Cambodian government are dissatisfied。

In this case,1986,Pich Keo, who has become the director 188bet mobile login National Museum of Cambodia,To Yoshiaki Ishizawa, who was then the director 188bet mobile login Department of Asian Cultures at Sophia University in Japan,Sent a letter asking for help。It has gone through many twists and turns,Finally arrived in the hands of Yoshiaki Ishizawa。

In this letter,Pich Keo told an old friend about the ups and downs encountered by the 188bet mobile login,And express,I am worried about being under the repair of the Indian team,188bet mobile login suffered further damage。He hopes his old friends can help。

Received letter,Yoshiaki Ishizawa is heading to 188bet mobile login immediately。But the Cambodian civil war is not over yet,It is difficult for him to work locally。

Until 1989,Under the auspices of UNESCO,Ishizawa Yoshiaki finally leads the international investigation team as the leader,Go to Angkor to investigate the ancient ruins。Afterwards,He submitted a report to UNESCO,Points out that India’s restoration work on the 188bet mobile login is “inappropriate”, “primitive and crude”,Request the latter to take measures as soon as possible。

1992,The current situation in Cambodia is relatively stable,At this time,The 188bet mobile login are listed as endangered。Next year,Intergovernmental meeting on the protection of Angkor held in Tokyo,The "Tokyo Declaration" has become an important document that encourages all countries to jointly protect Angkor。Same year,Under the auspices of UNESCO,The International Coordinating Committee for the Protection and Development of Angkor Heritage (ICC-Angkor) was established,France and Japan serve as co-chairs。The committee meets twice a year,Provide technical advice to countries involved in the protection and restoration of 188bet mobile login、Guidance and Assessment,But India was once excluded。

“For 188bet mobile login India’s fix,UNESCO issued severe criticism。" said an expert。

But despite the initial poor fix,The Indian team is the first to come to Cambodia after all,Repairing monuments despite lack of resources。Indian experts have also communicated with the ICC many times to explain。Therefore,When India proposed the restoration proposal of Ta Prohm 188bet mobile login in 2002,After forming a luxurious expert team "platform",The Cambodian government agreed。

Outside India,Japan restores Bayon Temple,The United States restored the Bakken Temple and the Holy Sword Temple,France restored Lewang Terrace and Bafang Temple,Renovation of the Queen's Palace in Switzerland,Germany restores the sculptures of 188bet mobile login,Restored Pili Temple in Italy,China restored Zhou Sa Temple and Tajiao Temple...a long and arduous multinational restoration,Start the official launch。

Jigsaw puzzle

1995,28-year-old Royer, an expert from the French Far Eastern Institute, came to Cambodia,Start the restoration work of Bafang 188bet mobile login。300,000 stones scattered before the Cambodian Civil War,Still waiting for him quietly。He often stares at a certain stone for a long time,As if looking at a priceless treasure。

Colleague Roye、Female architect Beofster also participated in the restoration of Bafang 188bet mobile login,Now the person in charge of the restoration of Ximeben 188bet mobile login。She told Guyu the author,When repairing Bafang 188bet mobile login,Royer and a French sculptor,Brought 3 cranes from France、2 hoists,And tools for sawing stone。In order to save money,Other tools are mostly from local sources。For example, the tools used by workers to cut stones,It is made of steel bars from the construction site。

△ Bafang 188bet mobile login restored in France。You can faintly see the "Sleeping Buddha"。Photography

They encountered a problem: how to repair the 188bet mobile login on top of Bafang 188bet mobile login?

11th century,King of Chenla, Udayadedovarman II built the Bafang 188bet mobile login,Making it a state 188bet mobile login dedicated to Lord Shiva。Late 15th century,It was converted into a Buddhist 188bet mobile login,Some building materials of Shiva 188bet mobile login,Used to build the large reclining Buddha on the second floor of Bafang 188bet mobile login。

So, how should the two histories of this 188bet mobile login be presented?

While sorting out the scattered large rocks,Discovered by Royer’s team,They are workshop cut,There are traces of tool cutting on it。These marks are the same as those found on the stones used to build the Reclining Buddha,Completely different from the traces when the 188bet mobile login was first built in the 11th century。

The last option therefore became natural: 188bet mobile login as it would have been in the late 15th century。

Another huge challenge facing Royer’s team,How to remove 300,000 stones scattered around the 188bet mobile login,Replace it in its original position。

After hundreds of years of wind and rain、After being exposed to the sun and rain,Some of these stones are broken,Some have no edges and corners。188bet mobile login is a daunting recovery。

“We’re going to make a big jigsaw puzzle,But we lack the comparison picture。”In an interview with The 188bet mobile login York Times in 2003,Royer confesses。

He has three clues: the memories of French architect Jacques Dumassy - he participated in the restoration of Bafang 188bet mobile login in the 1960s;Thousands of photos of the Bafang Monastery preserved in Paris - they may show before it was dismantled by the French Far Eastern Institute,Which parts of the 188bet mobile login have collapsed and been damaged;The remaining part of Bafang 188bet mobile login。

The restoration team used computers to restore the appearance of the 188bet mobile login,But because the stone is seriously damaged,Computers are of little use。final,The Royer team used the simplest solution: remember the appearance of the stone from memory,Then manually piece it together。

“188bet mobile login is not a high-tech project,The main thing is that you have to concentrate,Don’t fall asleep。"Royer once said。

While repairing the Zhousa 188bet mobile login,The Chinese team is also facing a similar test。Huang Wenlan, assistant librarian of the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute, told Guyu author,The 188bet mobile login was seriously damaged at that time,The main structure is incomplete,Only the base of some buildings remains,More than 4,000 stones scattered around。

The Chinese 188bet mobile login has carried out a lot of preliminary research,Classify stones、No.,Patiently sorting and splicing。final,The 188bet mobile login members have figured out a set of techniques and methods for assembling components,During 7 years of maintenance,More than 3,000 components have returned to their original positions。

Gradually,More and more high-tech means,begins to be applied。

While restoring the Queen’s Palace and Bayon 188bet mobile login,Both the Swiss team and the Japanese team produced 3D models。They provide clear guidance on the repair process,Also provides an important reference for more in-depth research。

The Chinese team is repairing the Takeo 188bet mobile login,Except 3D,Technologies such as drone oblique photography and traditional manual surveying and mapping are also used,For this 188bet mobile login built in the 10th century,Established a complete data model。

The battle of ideas

The restoration of 188bet mobile login is like a mirror,Reflects the changes in concepts and technologies of historic monument restoration。

Beoffest tells the author of Guyu,Early 20th century,Because the temple is covered with moss and plants,Many stones were severely damaged by plant roots,The methods used by the French Far Eastern Institute to restore 188bet mobile login,Mainly "cleaning"。

1930,Dutch expert Karen Fels, who restored Borobudur in Indonesia, visited the 188bet mobile login。The Anastylosis repair method in his mouth,It gave a lot of inspiration to experts from the French Far Eastern Institute。

Anastylosis is Greek,Can be translated as "the original thing returns to its place"。It refers to the restoration of 188bet mobile login,Use the original methods and materials of building temples as much as possible,Avoid using modern materials。

The first Angkor monument to try the original restoration method,It is the Queen's Palace completed in 1002。It is the most beautiful temple among the 188bet mobile login,Exquisitely carved。Henry Martial, Director of the Archeology Department of the French Far East Institute and his team,It took more than ten years to complete this work。(After the outbreak of the Cambodian Civil War,The Queen’s Palace was damaged again,The Swiss restoration team took over。)

△ Part 188bet mobile login restored Palace 188bet mobile login Queen in Switzerland. Photography

But people are gradually realizing,The original restoration method does not apply to all buildings - a rainy night in 1943,The northern part of the second floor of Bafang 188bet mobile login, which was recently restored, suddenly collapsed。Experts discovered,It is inappropriate to use all traditional techniques for restoration,Concrete strips were added to the sand and gravel layer,To ensure the safety of monuments。

After many countries participated in the restoration of 188bet mobile login in the 1990s,What kind of repair method is used,Beginning to become a controversial topic in the industry。

Although the restoration work of 188bet mobile login is carried out under the supervision of UNESCO and the Cambodian 188bet mobile login Conservation and Development Authority,But restoration teams from different countries,There are still many differences in concepts。Severely criticized for the restoration work,The Indonesian team did not return after withdrawing in the late 1990s。

Yuli Sussman, the person in charge of the restoration work of 188bet mobile login in Switzerland, told Guyu author,The biggest controversy surrounding the restoration work is that the existing building should be preserved as damaged,It should still be restored to its previous appearance?To what extent do we need to recover?Where are the limits of recovery?

“Some 188bet mobile login have recovered more,Some 188bet mobile login have recovered less。” Sussman said。

For example,Some countries use the method of disintegration and reconstruction,Carry out "disintegration repair";Some countries try to maintain the status quo。During the restoration of Tasong 188bet mobile login,The British team only repaired and reinforced the building frame。For the Queen's Palace,The Swiss team only repaired a few very important parts such as the 188bet mobile login gate and the entrance road。

“We don’t want to make the Queen’s Palace look new and fake,Like a Disneyland。" Sussman told Guyu author,"If the Queen's Palace is completely restored to its original appearance,It is necessary to demolish the existing structure,Added new materials and engravings。But we don’t want that。Part 188bet mobile login charm of Queen's Palace,Because it’s not perfect。”

On the issue of whether to use new materials,Countries do have different attitudes。Bolaños, the Greek architect who originally proposed the original restoration method, once pointed out: When using the original restoration method to restore ancient 188bet mobile login,In some key parts,Allow caution、Use new stones wisely,To replace the lost stone。In practice,He has supporters,There are also opponents。

The Japanese team was repairing Bayon Temple,Using newly mined gravel and sand to lay the foundation。“On the basis of following original construction techniques,New technologies should also be incorporated。Theoretically,The reason why temples are beautiful,From their ancient appearance。Their lives are like human lives,will grow old,Will eventually die。This is a natural and beautiful thing,They look beautiful as they age。For humans,Medical treatment can help extend his life,We can also extend the life of the temple in the same way。" Kazuta Shimoda, the technical consultant of the Japanese 188bet mobile login Heritage Rescue Team, once told the reporter of the Phnom Penh Post。

The Chinese team also used new stones,This once caused controversy。March 2008,The Phnom Penh Post reported: “The Chinese team adopted a different repair method...replacing the missing parts with new stones。” At that time, China was repairing Zhou Sa 188bet mobile login,This is also the first time that the Chinese cultural relics protection community has launched a foreign cultural relics protection project。

On site at Zhousa 188bet mobile login,The author of Guyu saw the introduction on the display board,In addition to resetting more than 4,000 scattered stone components,The Chinese team also replenished "about 30%-40% of the stone components that had been weathered, broken or lost" in the Zhousa 188bet mobile login。

Huang Wenlan said,During the restoration of Takeo Temple,Because some stones are missing or severely broken,The Chinese team also used new stones,But the use of new stones is controlled within 15%。The new stones are from the quarry near Lizhi Mountain,The stone source where the ancient 188bet mobile login temple was built。Use the stone there,Need to apply to the Cambodian government,And they can only be used for cultural relic restoration。

"If we just keep the ruins as they are,Almost no extra stones are needed,Or you can use only a small amount to solve the structural stability problem。But if it recovers to a certain extent,Just need to add some stones。This is a debate about repair methods,Instead 188bet mobile login amount of stone used。" said Gu Jun, senior engineer at the China Cultural Heritage Research Institute。

The author of Guyu saw it live at Chajiao Temple,These new stone blocks,Easily identifiable。Zheng Jun, researcher at the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute, said,“This follows the identifiable principle of historic monument restoration: new components should be different from the original components,To ensure the authenticity of 188bet mobile login,Avoid tourists’ misunderstanding。We will perform surface treatment on the newly replenished stones,Making the overall building harmonious。”

There are no certain rules for the restoration of cultural relics,About some specific operation methods during repair,Different countries have different opinions。In an interview with Khmer Times in December 2017,Easy Sofors, an expert from the German 188bet mobile login Protection Team, said,Some countries use glue injection in some projects,This is not advisable。Because the glue basically seals the gaps on the surface of the sandstone,Trapped moisture in the stone,This accelerates the formation of salt within the sandstone,May cause damage to existing structures。

“Every national team has taken advantage of its country’s cultural relic protection in Angkor,The Japanese team is meticulous and serious,Focus on research and monitoring。The German team is rigorous,Focus on the protection of stone carvings。France is the country with the most in-depth research on Angkor,Protect a large number of monuments,Established the basis for research on 188bet mobile login。The down-to-earth style of the Chinese team has won the recognition of the 188bet mobile login Protection and Development Authority。"A restoration expert commented on the restoration styles of various countries。

On a question,The multinational 188bet mobile login team reached a consensus,That’s how to treat ancient trees。These ancient trees are intertwined with roots,Growing together with ancient buildings,The latter is therefore in danger of "falling apart",But if the old tree is removed,The building may lose support again,Collapsed in an instant。

When the Indian team initially repaired 188bet mobile login,Some trees were cut down。around 1998,UNESCO begins to oppose tree felling。Countries have gradually reached an agreement: Let trees and buildings be integrated。While repairing the Ta Prohm temple that was almost swallowed by the jungle,The Indian team fully followed this consensus。

△ The restored Ta Prohm 188bet mobile login in India. Photography

Today,At Ta Prohm 188bet mobile login,Visitors are moved by the scene of ancient trees and buildings nestling together,I think this kind of landscape is unique in the world。

Beloved

The solemn 188bet mobile login、The mysterious smiling Erawan Buddha、The graceful fairy relief...the protectors who brought the monuments back to life,Similarly impressed by their beauty。For this,They are willing to spend their whole lives。

The fate of Ishizawa Yoshiaki and 188bet mobile login,Has lasted 58 years。2001,During the restoration of Banteay Kiti Temple,The archaeological team of Sophia University in Japan led by him excavated 274 Buddha statues,Provides important basis for Angkor research。2017,Due to years of commitment to the protection of Angkor ruins,Yoshiaki Ishizawa won the Ramon Magsaysay Award, known as the "Asian version of the Nobel Prize"。Past winners of this award,Youfei Xiaotong、Yuan Longping and Liang Congjie。

△ Part of the Bayon 188bet mobile login restored by Japan。Here is the famous "Khmer Smile"。Photography

2011,The French restoration project of Bafang 188bet mobile login ends,16 years。This means,Royer also worked for Bafang 188bet mobile login for 16 years。He has such a deep relationship with Cambodia,Even adopted a Cambodian child。

Afterwards,Roye was appointed as the person in charge of the restoration of Ximeben 188bet mobile login,But not long,He was diagnosed with cancer。2014,Royer passed away,Only 49 years old。

March 2017,At the 23rd Plenary Meeting of the ICC,Charlotte Schmid, director of the French Far Eastern Institute, recommended a book to those present。It is about how Roye restored Bafang 188bet mobile login - a paper published by Roye's colleagues based on Roye、Notes、Photos and files found on several of his computers,Complete this book。For Roye, who presided over the restoration of Bafang 188bet mobile login,This may be the best commemoration。Today,Next to the description column of Bafang 188bet mobile login,There is also a monument bearing Royer’s name。

“Cambodian 188bet mobile login should be protected and restored by Cambodians,What we have to do,Just to provide them with training and support。” Yoshiaki Ishizawa told Guyu author。He started more than 20 years ago,Started to help students from the Royal University of Fine Arts in Cambodia to study in archeology in Japan。Currently,The Japanese team has established a joint working team with Cambodia,The latter stands at the front desk,Responsible for maintenance work,Japan provides funding and support。

Similar to Japan,Many countries are helping Cambodia cultivate restoration talents,Looking forward to the future,Only Cambodians can independently shoulder the burden of restoring 188bet mobile login。

In the process of repairing Zhou Sa Temple and Ta Keo Temple,Chinese experts also work closely with local talents。Different from when 188bet mobile login was first built,Most Cambodian houses are now made of wood,Few masons。For this,The Chinese team adapts measures to local conditions,Selected a group of local carpenters with certain skills from the local area。High-end masonry from China,Teach them step by step about stone processing、Engraving、Component installation and other skills。“Now they are at a very high level,Some people have even become the backbone of other countries’ work teams。" Gu Jun said。

He is unwilling to use “training and being trained” to describe the relationship between Chinese experts and the Cambodian archaeological talents in the 188bet mobile login team。In his opinion,The latter helps Chinese experts manage workers,For Cambodian traditional crafts、I have a deeper understanding of the national conditions and people’s sentiments,The relationship between the two,It is "mutual learning"。

2018,It is the 25th anniversary of the launch of the international action to protect 188bet mobile login。In December of this year,For contribution to the protection of 188bet mobile login,Xu Yan, an expert from the Chinese Cultural Heritage Research Institute、Wang Yuanlin and Gu Jun,From the hands of Cambodian Minister of Culture and Arts Peng Sagna,Received the Knight Medal of the Kingdom of Cambodia。Winner of this award,Also includes more than 30 multinational experts who protect Angkor。

Currently,The Cambodian government has handed over the royal palace located in the core area of ​​Angkor Thom to the Chinese team for protection and restoration。The "China 188bet mobile login Protection Team" has also been renamed as the "China-Cambodia 188bet mobile login Protection Team",To show the closeness of cooperation between the two countries。Repair of 188bet mobile login in various countries,Still in progress,There is still a long way to go。

The day since Mouhot saw 188bet mobile login Wat for the first time,It’s been 158 years。During this period,Ancient ruins hidden in the primitive jungle,Witnessed the cruel killing of humans,Almost died in the war again。

Today,As a cultural heritage shared by the whole world,188bet mobile login is blooming again。

*Source of 188bet mobile login article: WeChat public account "Guyu Project (ID: guyuproject)",Author: Cui Ying,Original title: "Repairing 188bet mobile login: a rescue operation spanning 26 years and 30 countries》.

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