188bet sports betting app download

December 11，The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held a summary meeting on the inspection and enforcement of protection and management of scenic spots in Chengdu，At the meeting, 11 endangered scenic spots across the country were notified and "yellow cards" were shown，Requires scenic spots included in the strict control list to undergo rectification within a time limit within the next year，If the rectification is not effective，The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will request the State Council to cancel its title of national scenic spot。The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has made such a large statement on the management of scenic spots、High requirements and strict measures，This is unprecedented。On the one hand，We must strengthen the protection of scenic area resources for the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development，Applause for preserving as much of the “beautiful Chinese scenery” as possible for future generations，On the other hand，We must also carefully observe and analyze the deep-seated reasons behind why these problems occur，This is a more scientific management for the future Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development or the newly established national park management agency in the future，Also for the healthy operation of specific management agencies of various scenic spots，All are urgent needs。

How are endangered scenic spots formed?

According to the list notified by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development，11 scenic spots on the list，They are Jilin Xianjingtai Scenic Area、Jiangsu Taihu (Wuxi Area) Scenic Area、Fujian Haitan Scenic Area、Shandong Boshan Scenic Area、Chongqing Jinyun Mountain Scenic Area、Sichuan Gongga Mountain Scenic Area、Sichuan Jianmen Shu Road Scenic Area、Guizhou Rongjiang Miaoshan Dongshui Scenic Area、Gansu Maiji Mountain Scenic Area、Tibet Namtso-Nyenchen Tanglha Mountain Scenic Area、Tibet Earth Forest-Guge Scenic Area。

So, how are these endangered scenic spots formed?

1. Failure to prepare a master plan as required

my country only began to establish the scenic area system in 1982，Being a latecomer in the construction of national park systems around the world，Inexperience。For the boundary of the scenic area、Protection and Utilization、Coordination of overlapping relationships among management departments，We have encountered many problems，Causing academia、Industry management and industry-related companies pay close attention。The management regulations of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (promulgated through the State Council) require that all national scenic spots must prepare a master plan，Many of the scenic spots that were named and held accountable this time have obtained national-level gold-lettered signs for many years。Although some scenic spots wear national-level hats，But failed to complete the preparation of the overall plan in time and submit it to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for transfer to the State Council for approval。

2. Failure to protect and construct as required

Some scenic 188bet app spots still have areas where no construction is allowed、Requirements for construction-restricted areas and construction-appropriate areas，The phenomenon of development being more important than protection appears，The specific manifestation is illegal land use、Building indiscriminately、Major projects passing through scenic spots。

Illegal land use: some projects were built before approval、Approval during construction；

Indiscriminate construction: illegal construction of hotels、Hot Springs Club，Illegal construction of large-scale publicity signs；

Major projects pass through scenic areas: build roads in core scenic areas.

What factors cause violations in scenic spots?

In addition to local governments and their scenic area management agencies being driven by local economic development interests，Collusion between government and business interests，Illegal occupation of land in core scenic spots for commercial development；Or there are many indigenous people living in the scenic area、Many belong to rural collective land，Local residents blindly expanded in order to expand their business area。Beyond these obvious reasons，Are there any other regulations?、Problems with the technology itself？It’s worth thinking about。

一、Classified management is not implemented in scenic spots， Leading to conflicts in one-size-fits-all management of different types of scenic spots

There is a one-size-fits-all problem in the management of my country’s scenic spots，Scientific classification management must be realized in the future，In order to meet the actual situation in various places，And in line with international standards。Internationally，National park systems all adhere to classified management、Principles of zoning。

So how should national scenic spots be classified in the future？Our suggestion is to classify scenic spots according to their distance from the urban population (that is, the use pressure they face)，Mainly divided into two categories，One type is urban type，Including two sub-types: urban type (such as Hangzhou West Lake) and suburban type (such as Wuxi Taihu Lakeside)，The other type is the natural type，Far away from densely populated urban areas (such as Jiuzhaigou、Zhangjiajie)。

Based on the above city type、Natural Dichotomy，Observe the 11 national scenic spots that have received yellow card warnings，Most of them belong to the first category，Urban type。7 of the 11 scenic spots are located within the city or in the suburbs，Facing leisure、There is huge demand for recreation，If zoning planning is not implemented、Category management policy，Such incidents will continue to happen in the future。

Manage according to classification、Principles of zoning planning，Urban scenic spots can strengthen recreation protection、Providing tours of natural and cultural landscapes，According to National Recreation、Entertainment、Casual、Vacation needs，Accommodation facilities of a certain intensity are allowed、Cultural facilities development，Most of them should be operated as public goods and quasi-public goods，Minimize the supply of commercial private housing。actually，Unique design、Residential construction that responds to the environment，Does not necessarily reduce the charm of the scenic area，Due to the private land system，There are also a small number of private residences in U.S. national parks，There are many mountain resort buildings in the European Alpine National Parks that have become landscapes that attract tourists。The word scenery，Itself includes private buildings and countryside、Small town landscape。Use a popular Internet slang，Whether 188bet online sports betting it can be built or not is not important，“The key is temperament”，Design、The construction is exquisite and careful、Building that invests in and maintains well，Can become a very important scenery。For natural scenic spots away from the city，Of course there is no doubt，Must maintain natural features，Weakened development and utilization。

2. Scenic areas (national parks) need to clarify dual management objectives

Due to historical reasons，my country’s national park system has formed a fragmented management structure under a special administrative system，Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development、Ministry of Land and Resources、State Forestry Administration、Ministry of Water Resources、State Administration of Cultural Heritage、State Oceanic Administration、The National Tourism Administration takes charge of each one，Some are responsible for resource protection，Some are responsible for development and utilization，From legislation to enforcement，From administration to operation，Severe fragmentation among each other，No contact until old age and death，It has caused serious internal friction in the construction of the entire national park system。

Only looking at the scenic spots entrusted by the housing and construction department，The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is currently leading the drafting、Regulations on Scenic and Historic Areas promulgated by the State Council (passed by the 149th Executive Meeting of the State Council on September 6, 2006)，Too much emphasis on resource protection and tourism function provision in scenic spots，Classified management of scenic spots、The zoning plan is unclear，Outdoor heritage education beyond sightseeing、Ecological conservation、Various functions such as leisure vacation，Basically not considered comprehensively。actually，As long as communication between different departments is strengthened，There is no strict exclusive relationship between these functions，But they are compatible with each other、mutual promotion。

The current scenic spots are also the result of the harmonious coexistence between man and nature in history，It took generations of protection and construction to form today’s unique realm。Future scenic spots still have to find their target positioning along the historical context，We still have to choose the development path along the historical context。

Blank protection and blind construction are both inconsistent with the historical context of the scenic spot，Only by adhering to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature，Insisting on the scientific integration of protection and development can put the scenic spot industry on a sustainable track。

Currently，If the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development excludes multi-functional development during the development of scenic spots，Especially the sustainable development of urban scenic spots，Belongs to a kind of passive、negative、Unsustainable protection，This kind of protection is also not in line with the historical laws of the development of scenic spots。

3. Scenic spots should have contemporary high-quality buildings that can be passed down to future generations

Observe the 225 national scenic spots announced by the State Council，Most of them are natural scenery and cultural buildings coexisting harmoniously、The crystallization of civilizations that complement each other。Today’s scenic spots，All Chinese people of all ages、Without exception, the specific executors have accumulated a large amount of wealth、Mastered a high level of literacy、The establishment of an elite class with creative design capabilities。

It is precisely because generations of people hold the consciousness of quality，Continuously build it、Continuous shaping、188bet app Continuously accumulated results。The construction of any scenic spot will have a certain degree of impact and change on the original natural environment and historical atmosphere。The protection of scenic spots has never meant the unchanging care of historical heritage。Protection and innovation never stop。otherwise，200 years later，China will no longer have cultural buildings and historical landscapes。Today’s protectors and builders of scenic spots should get rid of their closed minds，Participate in the protection and construction of scenic spots with an open concept that is in line with the development trend of the times，Let the people a hundred years from now，Be able to experience today’s ruling party、Government、Investor、Designer’s creative achievements。Let the scenic spots glow with the charm of the times。

The Mashan area of ​​Wuxi Taihu Scenic Area, which was included in the yellow card warning by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development，The local government spent nearly ten years、Invest billions of RMB，To create quality products、The spirit of inheritance for future generations，Create a Zen town (Nianhuawan Town) that has been amazed by the design community，Before construction, it was originally a mountain village under Mashan Town，There is no so-called problem of not allowing construction。The developer Lingshan Company has worked hard for five years to create a masterpiece that will be handed down for generations。The Brahma Palace built by its founder，Praised as a contemporary cultural relic by the Director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage。Believe in the near future，The town of Nianhuawan will soon become a future cultural heritage，It can also be appreciated by our descendants with admiration。If it is demolished within a time limit as required by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development，I think the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development is a waste of treasures，Once again committed the evil act of destroying culture。No more，Zen town planning、Planning、Construction，It took nearly ten years，You never stopped，Now a fine architectural masterpiece full of cultural artistic conception appears，Come back and call for demolition，It makes people suspicious that they are fishing for law enforcement。

How to prevent scenic spots from slipping into danger?

Since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee，The construction of ecological civilization has become an important value in top-level design。The National 13th Five-Year Plan also integrates the construction of ecological civilization and the establishment of the national park system，Added to agenda。This means that China’s national park system will also undergo a round of reshuffle in the future，The pattern of long-term management in the past may change in the short term。

一、Recognize the characteristics of development，Develop a multi-values ​​scenic area plan

Scenic area as a first-class national park，The plan involves multiple stakeholders，Involving many disciplines、Multiple government departments、Various social groups。This leads to the complexity of scenic area planning。If we still follow the previous method of water control in Kowloon、Single and exclusive planning and management routine，You may lose the opportunity for integrated development，The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development may be deprived of its leadership in the management of scenic spots。Integrating multiple values ​​into planning，Planning of different zones according to different types of scenic spots，Develop appropriate management policies，Only before you can get the central government、Local Government、Local residents、General support from external visitors。

二、Solve the relationship between the development of cities and scenic spots according to the principle of classified management

Urban planning and scenic area planning、Tourist functional area planning should be coordinated with each other。

On the one hand，In the process of urbanization in the past 30 years，Reinforced concrete is overwhelming，Scenic and historic areas are not immune either。Many scenic spots are subject to disorderly development of commercial buildings and artificial landscapes，This kind of chaos is actually the interference of extensive urbanization on scenic spots。Not only destroys the landscape、Also pollutes the environment，It also affects the cultural inheritance of scenic spots。From a planning perspective，The interference and damage to scenic spots caused by extensive urbanization。

On the other hand，For scenic spots located in urban areas and suburbs，Facing great pressure on urban leisure，Need to develop more targeted management and planning policies，Allow mixed-use development in scenic areas，But you must have a high-quality awareness of the buildings in the scenic area，Leave a classic work of this generation for future generations。

三、Get rid of economic dependence on weakening tickets for scenic spots，More public product attributes are provided

Many scenic spots in our country span administrative regions，The power vacuum emerging between scenic area management and cross-administrative systems，It is also an important reason for scars in scenic spots，Because of the existence of a power vacuum，This leads to unclear responsibilities and rights、Unclear，Of course no one cares about the “whitening” task in scenic spots。Take Jianmen Shudao Scenic Area as an example，This scenic spot spans Sichuan、Shaanxi Province，Among them, Sichuan Province crosses Deyang、Mianyang、Three cities of Guangyuan，This has led to the lack of confidence in the Jianmen Shu Road Scenic Area Management Agency to perform its functions、Restricted power。

When scenic spots rely heavily on ticket economy，Let local governments at all levels give up rent-seeking requirements for economic development，It’s unrealistic。Only when the scenic spot becomes a public good，The local government no longer expects to obtain ticket sales revenue from it and needs to assume the responsibility for protection and management、Market order、When responsible for social security and other responsibilities，The local government will break away from it，The separately established and operated scenic spot management agency follows the principle of both protection and utilization，Achieve its sustainable development goals with the support of central finance。

4. Project renewal and transformation are consistent with the development rhythm of the scenic spot

There is another type of project in the scenic area，They were in compliance with the development requirements of scenic spots in the past，But，As the scenic spot enters a new stage of development，These projects face the problem of renewal。At this time，If there is no update plan in time，Then，These projects will also become scars on the scenic spots。

The protection and development of scenic spots is not a static process，It is a dynamic process，With different stages of social development，The goals and paths for the protection and development of scenic spots also need to be adjusted in time，Continuously optimize the function combination、Improve operational efficiency。

Take tourist reception facilities in scenic spots as an example，Many facilities were built in the 1990s，Can no longer adapt to the needs of the new situation，Must be upgraded as soon as possible，Only in order 188bet app to keep up with the development of the times。

Take the toilets in scenic spots as an example，With the toilet revolution in full swing，The upgrade of toilets in scenic spots has also become a landmark event with the characteristics of the times。Scenic spots around the world need toilet technology、Toilet Management、Made upgrading plans tailored to local conditions in toilet design and other aspects and implemented them in a timely manner。

五、Strengthen the construction of human resources in scenic spots and improve the level of protection and utilization management

There is a heterogeneous phenomenon between the top power chain and the grassroots power chain in the management of scenic spots in my country。The top power chain has gathered relatively high-quality administrative resources，Has a relatively rational administrative ecology。The grassroots power chain has gathered relatively weak administrative resources，The administrative ecology is relatively fragile、Extensive。It can even be said to be a little barbaric。

Anyone who has really dealt with grassroots scenic spot managers knows this，These managers are basically the most vulnerable group of people in China’s administrative system，They are in depth of knowledge、High level of thinking、The aesthetic level is incomparable to the top power chain。However，It is precisely this group of people who protect and represent the country’s spiritual temperament、A scenic spot that inherits the national civilization。

What’s even scarier，In the management chain of scenic spots，The top power chain is small，The grassroots power chain is huge。Therefore，When the chain of power is waved，We will find out，People at the top of the chain can do things relatively well and in order，But，At the grassroots end of the power chain，There is a lack of management and disorder。This is the greatest tragedy in the development of scenic spots。

To solve this problem，It is necessary to continuously strengthen the construction of human resources in scenic spots，Improving the management level of scenic spots，Achieving the dual goals of resource protection and tourism development，Making the management process of scenic spots smoother、Efficient，Make the management results of scenic spots more scientific、in place。

*Author: Zhang Dongping；Vice President of the Landscape Tourism Research Institute，Zhihui travel expert author。Has nearly ten years of experience in the media industry。Served as a planner and writer for the "Art Legend" column of the Shanghai Arts and Humanities Channel、Planning and writing for Beijing TV Station's "Documentary" column。Transferred to the urban planning and tourism planning industry in recent years，Participated in projects such as "Research on the Impact of the Opening of the Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed ​​Railway on Beijing's Cultural Industry" and "China Liangdu Medium and Long-term Brand Development Plan"。 

[Extra number！】The second stop of the Zhihui Private Exhibition will be held in Shenzhen on the afternoon of December 19th (Saturday)，This event invited the founders of many representative Shenzhen tourism O2O companies、Executive，Let’s discuss the topic of “How to make gold in ‘Internet + Tourism’ in 2016”。In addition to sharing useful information，Zhihui Travel will also draw lucky visitors on site to give away Seychelles provided by Anke Yunda、Bali round-trip air ticket！Hurry up and make an appointment！Please click ☞ to register"I want to register"！