Globalization has injected strong impetus into economic growth。Our research shows，Cross-border goods、Service、Finance、The flow of data and people can increase GDP、Promote productivity growth。And both the importing and exporting 188bet online sports betting can benefit from it。

China is the core driver of this trend。China’s successful transformation into a trading power，Let the huge population jump into the middle class，Created huge market opportunities。The miracle of China’s rise has attracted more and more countries to enter the 188bet online sports betting market and value chain，Thus promoting 188bet online sports betting economic growth，And promoted historic progress in poverty alleviation in developing countries。

However, the problem of inequality in the era of globalization is getting worse。Digitalization and automation have led to disruption in the job market and job losses，188bet online sports betting trade also "contributes" to this - this is one of the reasons why 188bet online sports betting trade is increasingly vulnerable to political criticism。Today，Calls for protectionism and immigration restrictions are growing in the Western world，But at the time when the 188bet online sports betting economic recovery is weak，Such a move will have a negative impact on the world。And it will pose a real threat to China，Because China’s economic growth prospects are inseparable from the rise and fall of the world market。

Coping with the adverse effects of globalization does not require countermeasures，What is really needed now is actually a new globalization framework，Be able to retain the positive impact of globalization，Can further promote inclusive growth、Resolving external effects。Because China needs to ensure future economic growth and domestic stability，Therefore, playing a leading role in the adjustment process of globalization is the best choice for 188bet online sports betting interests。

The increasingly interconnected and digitalized 188bet online sports betting economy not only promotes growth，Also brought about subversion

The 188bet online sports betting flow of commerce and communications has connected the world more closely than ever before。1990，188bet online sports betting cross-border goods、Services and financial flows totaling US trillion，Accounted for 24% of 188bet online sports betting GDP at that time。By 2007 (the eve of the 188bet online sports betting financial crisis and the Great Recession) this number had soared to trillion，Equivalent to 53% of 188bet online sports betting GDP。The number dropped back to 34% in 2015，This reflects a fundamental change - a sharp decline in consumer demand in developed countries，Resulting in a sharp decrease in cross-border capital flows、The 188bet online sports betting supply chain is shortened (see Figure 1)。But this is not the only shift: more than half of 188bet online sports betting trade flows to emerging economies，The trade between emerging economies is growing the fastest in the world，These are unprecedented sights in history。

188bet online sports betting presents a digital trend

1985-2007，188bet online sports betting merchandise trade growth rate is about twice the 188bet online sports betting GDP growth rate，This is due to the fact that multinational companies have added production bases in emerging economies with lower labor costs，To build a long-distance supply chain、Serving developed markets。As emerging economies rapidly realize urbanization and industrialization，They themselves have become important markets for commodities and consumer goods，Sparking 188bet online sports betting demand。During this period，The financial markets of various countries are becoming more and more closely connected，Connecting borrowers and savers from different countries。

During the financial crisis，The scale of 188bet online sports betting commodity trade and cross-border capital flows has declined sharply。After the financial crisis，188bet online sports betting trade volume has rebounded，But now because of the decline in commodity prices、Stagnation of growth in major economies、Weak growth has been caused by various factors such as the trend of moving goods production areas closer to consumption areas。The current scale of 188bet online sports betting capital flows has dropped significantly compared to the peak during the bubble period。

However，History has proven that globalization is a long-lasting and powerful trend。During the financial crisis，The process of globalization has not stalled，On the contrary, a new digital model has evolved。Although commodity trade and cross-border capital flows are still an important part of the 188bet online sports betting economy，But the flow of data and information has become the real driving force of globalization。Companies and their foreign operators、Online interactions between suppliers and consumers contribute a large portion of 188bet online sports betting web traffic。Today，Send electronic documents to the other side of the world with just a click of the mouse、Technological tools such as video conferencing make remote collaboration possible，Half of the world’s trade services have been digitized。12% of 188bet online sports betting merchandise trade is conducted through international e-commerce，Businesses and individuals can purchase goods from any corner of the world through online stores。

Digitalization has 188bet online sports betting given rise to three new phenomena。First，A massive network platform connecting millions of businesses and consumers around the world，188bet online sports betting reduces the cost of cross-border interaction and transactions。Second，Purely digital goods and services can be traded virtually and instantly。Last，Many traditional products have 188bet online sports betting begun to adopt "digital packaging" technology (such as adding sensors and trackers that help improve logistics management efficiency)，Improved the value of the product。Cross-border data flow can not only transmit precious information flows and ideas，You can 188bet online sports betting promote products、Service、Finance and personnel movement。

actually，Any form of cross-border transaction today contains a digital component。Findings from our econometric research project，The impact of data flows on economic growth now exceeds that of traditional goods flows。This kind of progress is not trivial，Because it took hundreds of years for 188bet online sports betting trade networks to develop，But cross-border data flows were almost negligible just 15 years ago。At a time when the momentum of commodity and financial flows has declined，The bandwidth used for cross-border data flows has increased 45 times since 2005 (see Figure 2)，And expected within the next five years，Business、Message、Search、Video、Communication、Data traffic communicated within the company will continue to surge，The bandwidth will be increased by 9 times。

Globalization is driving growth，188bet online sports betting intensifies change and disruption

The era of globalization is also an era of substantial economic growth。Since 1980，188bet online sports betting GDP average annual growth 2.9%。188bet online sports betting labor productivity has increased at an average annual rate of 1 over the past 50 years.8%，The average life expectancy jumped from 55 to 72 years。These data describe people around the world、Research and exchange of ideas create far-reaching ripple effects。The dissemination of technology and best practices and the improvement of medical standards，Greatly improved the economic prospects and people’s quality of life in developing countries。As developing countries become increasingly connected to the 188bet online sports betting market，1.1 billion people around the world were lifted out of extreme poverty between 1990 and 2013，The country with the most outstanding achievements is China、India and Indonesia。Globalization is also of great benefit to consumers in developed countries，Because globalization has increased their purchasing power，It also brings them more consumption choices。

Globalization promotes the economic growth of both developed and developing 188bet online sports betting，But whether the country’s system is stable or not、What kind of industrial policy is adopted will affect the profitability of each country。The economic benefits brought by globalization have promoted several basic trends to unfold simultaneously around the world:

Urbanization。Emerging economies are rapidly advancing industrialization，To occupy a place in the 188bet online sports betting value chain - in the meantime，Millions of people move from rural areas to cities in search of better opportunities。In the developing world, hundreds of millions of people are migrating internally with unprecedented mobility efficiency。Cross-border mobility of people further promotes urbanization，Large-scale international communities are popping up in major cities around the world。For example，New York’s immigrant population accounts for 31% of the total local population，37% in London，Munich is 27%。The growth of 5 large and medium-sized cities has created an urgent need for infrastructure，Gathering more labor force，Promoted the rapid growth of the 188bet online sports betting consumer market。With the increasingly complete modern infrastructure，This trend will further reshape the 188bet online sports betting value chain。According to our estimate，Cities now contribute 75% of 188bet online sports betting GDP，Expected to contribute 86% to 188bet online sports betting GDP growth between 2015-2030。But while the urban population in developing countries continues to grow，The population size of many large cities in developed countries will decline，This means that both economic growth trends and the role of new immigrants will change。

188bet online sports betting.China is at the center of the 188bet online sports betting supply chain，Also provides important support for 188bet online sports betting demand。The significant drop in the cost of mobile phones has led to the rapid popularity of mobile phones，Smartphone users in emerging market countries accounted for only 7% of the total population in 2012，It has quickly risen to 25% in 2015，It is expected to reach 45% in 2020。7As of the end of 2015，There are 3.2 billion people in the world (accounting for 43% of the 188bet online sports betting population.4%) can obtain information and job opportunities from the Internet。8About 900 million people have established international connections on social media，About 3.600 million people participate in cross-border e-commerce。The world’s major e-commerce platforms have tapped into the potential of this huge user base，Opened up markets and user groups from a 188bet online sports betting perspective。

188bet online sports betting structure.1980-2010，About 1.2 billion people around the world have reached working age，Become a new labor force population。As emerging market countries become increasingly connected to 188bet online sports betting supply chains，These countries have become an important source of labor for multinational companies - which not only move their trading activities overseas，We are also establishing local production bases to meet the rapidly growing needs of emerging markets。Increasing 188bet online sports betting competition has prompted companies in developed economies to move away from labor-intensive industries，Specializes in capital and knowledge-intensive industries，The bargaining power of labor in these developed economies has been weakened due to the relocation of supply chains。Meanwhile，The mobility of the labor force has increased—188bet online sports betting population mobility has become a supplement to the labor force in various aging countries、An important source of maintaining economic growth momentum。Economies that attract the largest migrant populations rely on cross-border migration to fill job gaps，2000-2014，Immigrant populations contribute 40-80% of the labor force growth in these countries。28% of the workforce in Oceania are foreign workers，18% in North America，14% in Western Europe。

However，Although globalization has brought net economic gains，But it also amplifies the negative external effects that are not conducive to the social development of various 188bet online sports betting。

Climate change。The rapid development of cities has brought urban infrastructure close to its capacity limit，Causing multiple environmental pressures。Although climate change cannot be directly blamed on globalization，But industrialization and consumption growth intertwined with globalization do lead to forest degradation、Causes of environmental pollution and climate change。What was once a hidden danger has become a reality，United 188bet online sports betting action is urgently needed、Work together。

Volatility.A more connected world is also more vulnerable to shocks，The financial crisis has shown that shocks to one corner of the world can quickly trigger shocks to the entire 188bet online sports betting system。Long and complex supply chains are more susceptible to disruption、Digital networks are highly vulnerable to attacks by 188bet online sports betting hackers。People can communicate with the whole world through digital technology 24/7，Triggered the transformation of social communication and interpersonal communication。Cross-border population mobility is a natural trend of labor market globalization，But people who are worried about job competition or averse to multiculturalism may also encounter resistance。

Inequality.Last，Globalization also increases inequality，This issue will be discussed in detail below。The income gap in many 188bet online sports betting is gradually widening，Leading to increasing social and political tension。

The above factors (especially the increase in inequality) have caused many people to lose hope in 188bet online sports betting。

188bet online sports betting is not only an important engine of globalization, but also the main beneficiary

Driven by the wave of globalization，Economies of all countries around the world have grown。The process of industrialization and urbanization in many developing countries is in the ascendant，Paves the way out of poverty for millions of people。The rise of China is the most eye-catching success story in the current globalization process。Only more than 40 years ago, China was still practicing a closed economy，But now it has become one of the countries with the most frequent exchanges with other countries in the world，Completed an extraordinary leap。Middle of the first decade of this century，188bet online sports betting import and export trade volume is growing rapidly，Promoted GDP to achieve double-digit growth。188bet online sports betting total exports in 2000 were only US7 billion，It has soared to 2 by 2016.US trillion (accounting for 12% of total world exports)，Become the world’s largest exporter；At the same time, China has also become the world’s second largest importing country，The total value of imported goods in 2016 was nearly 2 trillion US dollars (accounting for 10% of the world’s total imports)。

China’s huge manufacturing industry has become an integral part of the 188bet online sports betting value chain。Official statistics show，The number of foreign-invested enterprises in China increased from 230,000 in 2000 to 48 in 2015.10,000，More than doubled，And these companies contribute approximately 50% of 188bet online sports betting total exports、30% of total production and 10% of national employment。Also，188bet online sports betting foreign direct investment has more than tripled since 2000，Produced productivity spillover effects on local enterprises。In 2016, 188bet online sports betting domestic enterprises’ overseas direct investment has surpassed foreign direct investment，Making China a net exporter of capital。188bet online sports betting foreign investment has now surpassed that of Japan，Ranked second in the world，Second only to the United States。

Today，China ranks seventh in McKinsey 188bet online sports betting Institute’s 188bet online sports betting Connectivity Index，This ranking is a comprehensive study of products、Service、Finance、Based on the inflow and outflow of people and data (Figure 3)。Consider it based on China’s per capita income level，China’s connectivity is actually very good。This study also looked at which individual cities and provinces in China are mobile enough to compete with other countries。Research Discovery，The prosperous coastal province of Guangdong ranks sixth globally in the movement of goods，Ranked above the United States。Shanghai and Beijing surpass Japan and Italy in terms of commodity liquidity。

China has transformed into a 188bet online sports betting trading power，The total GDP has also increased by 25 times since 1980。Today, more than 600 million people in China have successfully escaped poverty，Middle class and wealthy families (average annual disposable income of at least 2.,000 household) up to 1.1.6 billion households，In 2000, this number was only 2 million households。China’s personal consumption growth exceeded US trillion from 2010 to 2015，Accounts for a quarter of 188bet online sports betting consumption growth。Past，China is just a source of cheap labor for multinational companies engaged in manufacturing，China has already surpassed this stage，Become one of the most attractive consumer markets in the world，Favored by local and 188bet online sports betting companies。

Today，The proportion of Chinese companies among 188bet online sports betting companies has further expanded，This has intensified 188bet online sports betting competition in many industries。Although this situation can improve allocation efficiency，But Chinese and other emerging market companies are also taking market share from existing companies，Resulting in customer loss and profit pressure。The composition of the Fortune 188bet online sports betting 500 ranking reflects this rotation of the business world: the number of Chinese companies on the list increased from 43 in 2010 to 103 in 2016，Ranked second in total，Second only to the United States。And about 900 of the world’s billion-dollar companies are from Greater China。

Today，Many Chinese companies have developed to a certain scale in their own country，Started to expand business around 188bet online sports betting through mergers and acquisitions。The resource industry was the first to use this strategy。2006-2010，Related transactions in the energy and materials industry account for 62% of overseas M&A by Chinese companies。With technology、Real estate and entertainment industry transactions are increasing，The proportion of energy and materials related transactions fell to 46% from 2011 to 2015。At the same time，The geographical scope of Chinese corporate M&A transactions is 188bet online sports betting expanding。A quarter of overseas M&A transaction targets from 2011 to 2015 were located in North America，And it is estimated，The total investment by Chinese companies in the United States has tripled from 2015 to 2016。16 This can be seen from the deal that has dominated the headlines in recent years: ChemChina’s billion acquisition of Swiss seed company Syngenta；Midea acquires German robot manufacturer KUKA；Shuanghui International acquires the world’s largest pork producer and processor-American Smithfield Foods。

188bet online sports betting growing overseas investment has also had a huge impact on developing regions such as Africa。Some Chinese companies have expanded in Africa by building turnkey infrastructure projects such as hydropower stations and railways。2013 year，Overseas investment in African infrastructure exceeds US billion，Investments from Chinese companies account for nearly half。188bet online sports betting investment in overseas labor-intensive industries has also created opportunities for other developing countries to climb the economic development ladder。

After China experienced a long period of rapid growth driven by investment，Facing the problem of how to enter the track of sustainable development。But no matter what mode is used，China’s economy will continue to develop，China’s influence on the world will also continue to expand。Even as China shifts to an economic model that focuses more on domestic consumption，Its 188bet online sports betting relationships will remain of strategic importance。Although China ranks higher in terms of goods and financial flows，But the total amount of data flow and the number of long-term immigrants are still relatively limited。In view of the general flattening of the 188bet online sports betting merchandise trade pattern、Digital globalization is changing with each passing day，China needs to consider how to start from the data flow、Achieving benefits from the flow of information, services and personnel。China has successfully used trade as a springboard to achieve rapid economic development，Bringing millions of people into the middle class。

Service through deep participation、188bet online sports betting flow of people and data，China may be able to continue to promote economic growth。China has integrated with the 188bet online sports betting economy，Whether it can maintain economic growth and social stability is closely related to the success of globalization。In fact，Of course China cannot “de-globalize”。Take the lead in solving some externality problems，And invest in 188bet online sports betting public goods to cope with the risk of other countries shifting their focus domestically，This is what is in line with China’s own interests。

Opposition in developed 188bet online sports betting is rising, and globalization has reached a critical turning point

Although the 188bet online sports betting economy has maintained positive growth over the past decade，But the pace of each country is not consistent:Developed economies continue to grow slowly，While developing 188bet online sports betting maintain rapid growth。As a result, the gap between rich and poor between 188bet online sports betting continues to narrow，But the income gap within many 188bet online sports betting continues to widen。These changes have led to widespread belief that globalization will bring adverse consequences，People in developed 188bet online sports betting have particularly strong opinions。

2005-2014，65%-70% of households in 25 developed economies are experiencing stagnant or declining income。In the period of rapid development of globalization from 1988 to 2008，The income growth of the lower middle class in these developed 188bet online sports betting is relatively the least。Although they still enjoy more well-being than the lower middle class in developing 188bet online sports betting，But when they watched the wealthiest few in their country reap huge gains，They feel that their status has declined。High-income groups in the United States have made a lot of money in the process of globalization，Accounts for half of the top 1% of the world’s richest people。

188bet online sports betting is not the only reason for increasing inequality in advanced economies。The transition to a digital economy is 188bet online sports betting a driving factor，Because the digital economy not only makes the income of highly skilled talents abnormally high，It 188bet online sports betting detracts from the value of daily work。And developed economies have so far not designed a complete mechanism for retraining and skills development，To help the country’s overall workforce adapt to this shift。Import competition is also to blame。Exposing local industries to international competition can certainly improve efficiency、Promote innovation，But it will also harm workers and existing domestic enterprises。And after 2000，Because multinational companies frequently engage in labor arbitrage in order to reduce production costs，Developing economies can accelerate their integration into the 188bet online sports betting market。A study shows，Since 2000，China-US trade has caused the United States to lose many manufacturing jobs。And such losses are often concentrated in hard-hit local communities，The influence continues to this day，It’s been more than ten years。

In advanced economies with sluggish growth，People tend to deny the impact of technological changes under various excuses，Instead blame 188bet online sports betting in all its forms as the cause of the backwardness of most people。At the same time，Xenophobia and racial discrimination are also on the rise。A recent McKinsey 188bet online sports betting Institute survey found，No growth in real income、The low- and middle-income groups in Europe are generally pessimistic about the future, even if it has declined slightly，And more likely to have negative views on immigrants。Many observers link dissatisfaction with 188bet online sports betting trade and immigration to growing political extremism。In developed economies，Populist movements on both sides of the political spectrum join forces to oppose 188bet online sports betting trade。Left-wingers believe that the rules of globalization are more beneficial to the rich，While most on the right claim that it is trade deals and immigration that cause job losses and lower wages。

188bet online sports betting is obviously a beneficiary of globalization，But no one can guarantee that 188bet online sports betting will not be affected by these pressures in the future。China has established an all-inclusive manufacturing ecosystem that accommodates countless manufacturers and suppliers，This is unique among many low-wage countries。As this ecosystem gradually unfolds，China’s 188bet online sports betting share of manufacturing added value increased from less than 7% in 2000 to nearly 26% in 2014。This shift will continue to redraw the world’s manufacturing landscape—and as China climbs up 188bet online sports betting value chains and into innovative industries，Domestic wage levels will continue to increase，China will also face its own labor force adjustment，This is similar to the labor problem in developed economies。Also，The rapid industrialization of China and other developing countries has also produced a series of social and environmental pressures，For example, blind expansion of cities，But infrastructure and housing supply are insufficient；And inadequate environmental regulations、Incomplete execution，Unable to protect clean air、Various issues such as water resources and public space。

Countries around the world are reflecting on their own role in 188bet online sports betting trade、Methods of participation in cross-border finance and international data flows，And the acceptance of cross-border immigrants。At a time when populism and protectionism are on the rise，The danger of globalization reversing is also increasing。This situation will bring serious economic and social risks to 188bet online sports betting。And climate change、Social pressure and rising volatility pose growing threats to 188bet online sports betting and its neighbors。Withdrawn from international support，It is difficult for any country to cope with these common challenges alone。

Although enabling protectionist measures can save jobs and improve political performance in the short term，But it can also have unintended consequences or lead to retaliation。28Although the American people’s dissatisfaction with globalization is still fermenting，But according to one study estimates，From the 1990s to the first decade of this century，International trade contributed a quarter of total U.S. productivity growth，And provides more than a quarter of the purchasing power of middle-class consumers。The fundamental cause of people’s dissatisfaction lies in the distribution problem，And a trade war cannot actually solve this problem，It will also cut off a much needed source of 188bet online sports betting growth，Brings unpredictable adverse effects。In terms of immigration，Immigration groups contributed approximately 6% to 188bet online sports betting GDP in 2015. trillion，North America and Western Europe are the biggest beneficiaries。30Economies that close their borders will lose labor force growth from immigration、Innovation and vitality。

188bet online sports betting around the world need a new globalization framework，Further promote inclusive growth while maintaining the benefits of globalization

If most people in the world regard globalization as an initiative initiated by the elite、Projects serving the elite，Then maintaining the process of globalization will become increasingly difficult。Policymakers need to more fully realize that globalization is not benefiting everyone，They need to make real efforts，Make globalization more inclusive。While domestic policy is the main tool to address income inequality and inequality of opportunity，But the international community also needs to do a lot of work，Every country in the world should focus on education and training、Increase investment in 188bet online sports betting public goods such as digitalization and infrastructure，And actively respond to threats such as climate change。Otherwise, countries around the world (including China) will have to face these challenges alone，Unable to enjoy the benefits of scale brought about by 188bet online sports betting cooperation。

Four strategies that contribute to inclusive growth and 188bet online sports betting adjustment

The rapid development of science and technology may further widen the current social and economic gap，And let the development focus of various 188bet online sports betting gradually shift to domestic。Subversion is inevitable，Policymakers and business leaders need to seize the opportunity。

Provide education and support，Helping the workforce adapt to labor 188bet online sports betting adjustments

Countries need to provide more help to workers and communities in certain local industries that have been hit hard by foreign competition。From a broader perspective，Investment in human capital should even be at the top of the 188bet online sports betting agenda。Many paid jobs in human society today will be taken over by more intelligent machines in the future，The job losses in recent decades may be just the beginning。We recently analyzed over 2,000 job profiles in 800 occupations around the world。Theoretically，The technology currently displayed can already automate 50% of the work content of human society，This will involve nearly 1.2 billion jobs worldwide (China alone accounts for 400 million of them)。Although many jobs will not completely disappear，But the nature of daily work in most professions will change。

This process may take decades，And the pace of automation penetration varies across 188bet online sports betting or occupations。This time gap leaves ample time for 188bet online sports betting to take action - but there is absolutely no room for complacency now。188bet online sports betting around the world are entering the aging process，There is an urgent need to popularize automation technology to improve productivity、Maintain economic growth。But the scale of this change is huge，188bet online sports betting need to conduct prudent management。Many mid-career workers need retraining，This requires cooperation between government departments and private employers，Ensure that the skills trained can respond to market needs。

Long term，The education system should allow the next generation to understand how to use new technologies to assist work，And ensure that students develop a lifelong learning mentality。Schools should pay more attention to science、Technology、Education in engineering and mathematics，Even in basic education and vocational and technical courses, a certain amount of data literacy education must be involved。Today，Youth unemployment is a prominent problem facing the world，There are nearly 300 million "Three No Youths" in the world - not in school、Not employed、Did not participate in training。This shows that there is a serious disconnect between the education system and the job market。In order to prevent the gap between rich and poor from continuing to exist in the future，188bet online sports betting must solve this problem。

Expand the coverage of 188bet online sports betting economy and increase participation

The Internet has become a necessity in today’s world，Not luxury goods。But as of the end of 2015，More than half of the world’s population still does not have access to Internet services。Even high-income 188bet online sports betting have not yet achieved universal access to the Internet，The problems in developing 188bet online sports betting are even more acute。

Bringing more people around the world access to Internet services will help economic growth。We found，Any kind of 188bet online sports betting mobility can increase productivity，Digital mobility also has the unique ability to drive labor force growth and capital investment。In other words，Data flows and digitization boost (rather than reduce) net job growth within countries。Also，Developing countries could reap huge rewards from broad exposure to 188bet online sports betting data flows。We also found out，Countries on the periphery of the 188bet online sports betting network have greater potential to boost GDP than core countries。For economies with relatively low connectivity，The arrival of new digital platforms will cause a major change。Consumers account for 15-30% of the contribution of data flows to each country’s GDP，The rest comes from B2B business within the value chain。

Guiding more small businesses to participate in the digital economy is the key to improving the inclusiveness of globalization。Alibaba、Amazon、E-commerce platforms such as eBay allow millions of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) around the world to directly contact 188bet online sports betting customers，And provided them with logistics support、Payment infrastructure and detailed guidance；Same，Social media platforms also provide small businesses with 188bet online sports betting marketing opportunities；Digital financial platforms expand financing channels for small businesses。These achievements are certainly exciting，But only if appropriate multilateral agreements are implemented，In order to fully realize the potential of small and medium-sized enterprises。Develop digital trade agreements and create appropriate awareness、Skills and infrastructure to help small businesses transform into exporters，These initiatives could extend the benefits of globalization beyond large corporations。

The digital economy is still in its initial development stage，Countries around the world need to lay a solid foundation，Ensuring continued growth of the digital economy。At the same time，Countries also need to build and improve、Comprehensive、Open data ecosystem，To ensure advanced analysis、Internet of Things、Technologies such as artificial intelligence can fully improve productivity。188bet online sports betting flows of data can generate real economic value，So the key is to ensure that countries around the world do not view cyberspace with a protectionist mentality。

Increase 188bet online sports betting flows and demand through investment in infrastructure

Today，Traffic around the world、Electricity、Investment in water supply and telecommunications systems is approximately 2 per year. trillion。And according to our estimate，The 188bet online sports betting average annual investment amount to support expected growth from 2016 to 2030 will reach 3. trillion，Approximately equivalent to 3% of 188bet online sports betting GDP.8%，Among them, investment from emerging economies accounts for about 60%。Facing the expanding 188bet online sports betting demand，Continued underinvestment will lead to slower economic growth、Residents do not receive basic services。

Road、Port、Airport、Railway and telecommunications networks are channels for business communication and personnel movement，Investing in modernizing and maintaining these systems can drive economic growth。At the same time，Infrastructure is also the foundation for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals - everyone can enjoy clean water、Sanitary facilities and reasonable prices、Safe, reliable and sustainable energy。To meet existing needs，We face three times the funding gap。According to our estimate，The socioeconomic return rate of infrastructure construction is generally about 20%。In other words，In the long run，Every US invested in infrastructure construction，can increase GDP output by 0.。This economic benefit is mainly achieved by increasing the productivity of various 188bet online sports betting，Reducing people’s travel time and costs、Provides safe and reliable power supply and broadband connections for individuals and businesses。Infrastructure investment brings long-term returns in addition to productivity improvements，There are also short-term benefits – immediate job creation。Estimated，Every one percentage point increase in the proportion of infrastructure investment in GDP，can directly or indirectly serve India、United States、Brazil and Indonesia provide 3.4 million each、1.5 million、1.3 million and 700,000 jobs。

Chronic underinvestment in infrastructure has undermined productivity around the world，Resulting in worsening demand weakness，Making it difficult for developed economies to quickly stimulate economic growth。When national and regional governments have to decide to increase investment，In fact, you can develop ideas from the aspect of international financing、Finding innovative financing solutions。An estimate from 2016，Institutional investors and banks manage 0 trillion in assets，Some of the assets can be invested in project financing。To attract institutional investors to participate in 188bet online sports betting infrastructure projects，The international community needs to formulate and implement sound cross-border investment principles，In addition, a sharing mechanism for best practices should be established，To share project projects、Project Financing、Project Management、Construction Technology、Excellent experience in sustainable infrastructure construction and clean energy。

Committed to improving 188bet online sports betting governance principles

In this era when 188bet online sports betting is being questioned，Getting public support is critical。Empty slogans alone are not enough to regain trust，The public needs to see the implementation of practical reforms and inclusive development。Therefore, a suitable 188bet online sports betting framework should be established first，Invest the resources of existing multilateral institutions into solving the most critical externality issues such as climate change。

Although the 188bet online sports betting economic linkage is becoming increasingly close，But various standards、Management system、Reporting requirements and the legal system remain fragmented。Some 188bet online sports betting institutions often exploit the loopholes caused by these differences to arbitrage or avoid liability。Therefore，Incorporate labor standards and ethical sourcing requirements into trade agreements，Can curb some inappropriate behaviors，It also dispels the impression held by most skeptics that globalized trade is a “race to the bottom”。Healthy competition is one of the best ways to promote productivity improvement and innovation。Countries can create a fair environment that helps stimulate vitality by lowering market thresholds，Instead of blindly protecting local industries、Escape foreign competition。

Although the Internet is becoming more and more popular around the world，However, there are still many regulatory vacuums in the field of international Internet governance，There is an urgent need to establish a governance framework for the rapid development of cross-border data flows。In order to ensure that small and medium-sized enterprises and consumers are no longer at a disadvantage，It is crucial to establish international standards and multilateral management systems，Specific should include: personal data privacy protection standards and consumer protection standards against online fraud、Cross-border enforcement mechanism、Multilateral responses to cybersecurity，And intellectual property protection。188bet online sports betting still need to resolve import tariffs、Internet access conditions vary from place to place、Obstacles to the development of e-commerce such as geographical blocking。Data protectionism reduces the potential value of cross-border capital flows。

Policy makers must be able to foresee in advance and frankly admit the shortcomings of 188bet online sports betting and actively solve them，Rather than trying to avoid these issues。When considering trade agreements，It is best to face the possibility of job loss，And carefully examine the need for retraining and reinvestment to mitigate losses，Instead of blindly covering up the negative consequences。

Same，Policymakers should seek measures that can bring tangible benefits to people’s lives。This includes developed economies investing in infrastructure projects or establishing production bases in developing 188bet online sports betting，Also including introducing innovative investments to disadvantaged communities in high-income 188bet online sports betting。Promoting knowledge dissemination is also a good move，Many people believe that this is the main mechanism through which globalization promotes growth。In many research fields，Being the best in every country、The smartest scientific research elite can work together regardless of national boundaries，Share data and exchange ideas，Then various breakthroughs will surely follow。Student exchange programs or international medical research plans are new international cooperation mechanisms worthy of vigorous promotion。

Any country or region in the world should let local innovations benefit more people around the world。This is particularly critical in the promotion of medical achievements，But it is also applicable in fields such as digital finance。Approximately 2 billion people worldwide and millions of small businesses lack access to financial services。Facts proved，Providing payment and financial services through mobile phones and the Internet in Kenya and other 188bet online sports betting improves people's livelihood、A powerful means to promote growth。Given that the banking systems in many 188bet online sports betting are still underdeveloped，Promoting financial technology locally will be of great significance to disadvantaged groups。

188bet online sports betting can guide the wave of globalization towards positive and inclusive development

China has demonstrated its willingness to play a leading role in international issues，Now the whole world will pay close attention to China’s follow-up actions。For China，Assuming the role of world leader can help it transition to a modern economy in the safest and most efficient way，Also helpful in solving climate change、Unrest and the gap between rich and poor are 188bet online sports betting problems。

Present，Developed economies around the world have shifted their focus back to 188bet online sports betting。Therefore，Can globalization be successfully adjusted，Much will depend on whether 188bet online sports betting can strongly support new approaches and further open minds。The four strategies mentioned above can push globalization into a healthier new stage。Among these four strategies，We believe that 188bet online sports betting has the ability and should speak out boldly and make unique contributions (Figure 4)。

188bet online sports betting education or training for the next generation of workers

With the reduction of China’s working-age population and the acceleration of 188bet online sports betting digitalization，The Chinese government is embarking on a major effort to improve the skills of its large workforce。As economic development gradually shifts to a productivity-driven and innovation-driven model，Adjustments in the labor market will be inevitable，Hundreds of millions of working people may need to be redeployed。China needs to mobilize all industrial and economic resources to meet this challenge，Specific measures could include significantly expanding vocational training programs and working closely with the private sector。

Over the past few decades，188bet online sports betting has made great achievements in public education，And the number of university graduates is currently second to none in the world，However, there are large differences in education levels across regions，The main reason is that high-quality educational resources are unevenly distributed across 188bet online sports betting。There is a huge gap in educational achievements among various regions in 188bet online sports betting，And the urban-rural education gap still exists。According to our estimate，By 2030, 188bet online sports betting will have approximately 40 million mid- to high-skilled workers，But this number is far from enough – 188bet online sports betting must fill this talent gap，Enterprises can improve productivity and provide more employment opportunities，Thus consolidating and strengthening the middle class。

In the past, 188bet online sports betting mainly focused on investment in infrastructure construction，Nowadays, we need to focus on investment in human capital。The Chinese government has increased investment in education，Its GDP share has increased from 2 in 2000.6% to 4 in 2014.2%，But it is still lagging behind compared with developed countries——France、UK、The U.S. government’s investment in education accounts for as much as 5-6% of GDP。In today’s era of increasing digitalization and knowledge density，Increasing investment in education will help students across 188bet online sports betting successfully meet more challenges and opportunities。

In addition to increasing overall education expenditure，188bet online sports betting also needs to solve the problem of inequality in educational resources，Distribute education funds more equally to various regions and income groups。Of course，The pursuit of equality does not mean a one-size-fits-all approach to education and training。188bet online sports betting has a vast territory、The situation varies greatly from place to place，Provides good soil for various experimental explorations and pilot projects，For example, introducing a technology teaching platform、Encourage private enterprises to show their talents in the field of education。If 188bet online sports betting can create a successful education model (especially digital technology and distance education)，Will provide a valuable reference for other countries undergoing similar transitions。

China can also actively promote the integration of its higher education system with international standards。In the context of the Chinese government’s efforts to create an innovative economy，China is such a huge economy，We should strive to become a talent highland，Cultivate and attract top 188bet online sports betting talents。China has expanded the scale of training in science and engineering，Currently, nearly 30,000 science and engineering PhDs can be trained every year。35% of 188bet online sports betting patent applications come from China。According to statistics of "Natural Index"，40 of the world’s 100 fastest growing research institutions are located in China，This shows that China’s innovation capabilities are advancing by leaps and bounds。

However，China’s goals might as well be more ambitious。Although China’s trade flow ranks first in the world，But McKinsey 188bet online sports betting Institute’s Connectivity Index shows，China is still lagging behind the world in terms of the flow of people and data。It is the flow of people and data that brings together the world’s top talents，Promotes the collision of ideas and innovation。In the field of higher education，China is also facing many opportunities to establish international research cooperation and send overseas students in both directions，To attract more top 188bet online sports betting talents to China。Except for sending overseas students，Chinese universities can also consider setting up branches abroad，Exercise greater influence on the world stage。

188bet online sports betting considerable scientific research strength is enough to meet any challenge，Whether it is developing affordable drugs、Treatment of chronic diseases、Coping with climate change，Various problems such as increasing crop yields can be solved one by one。188bet online sports betting R&D and innovation achievements will surely benefit the whole world。

Promote further popularization of the Internet around the world、Contribute to the formulation of a 188bet online sports betting digital economic framework

The digital divide will exacerbate inequality within and between countries。More than half of the world’s population still does not have access to Internet services，Thus and all kinds of knowledge、Missed information and opportunities。Achieving 188bet online sports betting coverage of the Internet is a difficult task。But China is a big manufacturing country，Has extensive experience in large-scale infrastructure projects，Belongs to one of the few countries in the world that can achieve this goal。The Chinese government recently called on the international community to support the digital transformation of other developing countries through technical and economic assistance。China’s leading efforts in this regard will inject new vitality into the 188bet online sports betting economy，It has also found a foothold to promote a more inclusive and inclusive globalization process。

China’s future cross-border data flow policy can also benefit the world。The exchange of digital information is the fastest growing part of the globalization process，It is also the area where 188bet online sports betting framework and 188bet online sports betting leadership are most needed。In a recent statement, China called on the international community to improve data standards、Data sharing、Work together on basic issues such as network security。China is the country that plays a guiding and promoting role。

Our 188bet online sports betting report highlights,Cross-border data flow is data、Thoughts、Innovation、A source of research and connectivity，Ability to increase productivity and drive 188bet online sports betting。So be more open to 188bet online sports betting data flows and actively participate in them，You can get real economic returns - this is not only true for China，Same for the whole world。China has more than 700 million Internet users，So in terms of digital penetration among consumer groups，China is one of the most developed countries in the world。China also has the world’s largest e-commerce ecosystem，Accounting for more than 40% of 188bet online sports betting transaction volume，And this market contains huge profit potential。The business tentacles of China’s Internet giants have been widely extended to various fields，And accumulated a lot of data in the process。However，In terms of cross-border data flow，China only ranks 36th in the world，This shows that China’s information connectivity with the world still has a lot of room for improvement。And China has a huge potential data set，So sharing information about China can also help drive 188bet online sports betting growth。

China can also help small and medium-sized enterprises around the world further participate in 188bet online sports betting economic activities。Small and medium-sized enterprises have fully realized that digital platforms are a springboard to reach 188bet online sports betting consumers，And for small merchants and small manufacturers，China’s e-commerce ecosystem can provide it with a world-leading business stage。China should make persistent efforts，Abide by the commitments made at the G20 meeting in Hangzhou，Reducing barriers and increasing access to finance for 188bet online sports betting SMEs，Ensure small companies and entrepreneurs have the opportunity to enter the 188bet online sports betting value chain。

In cutting-edge technology，188bet online sports betting is machine learning、One of the leaders in robotics and artificial intelligence technology。But future technological development requires closer international cooperation，For wider access to data、Algorithm、Capital and Talent。Smart machines will have unprecedented power，So use this technology for peace，It is necessary for the international community to establish an international management agency to supervise artificial intelligence、Establish standards and develop a code of ethics。To this，188bet online sports betting must not only be a promoter，Become a leader。

Increase 188bet online sports betting infrastructure spending

Infrastructure investment was once an important factor in China’s economic rise，Currently China is investing heavily in cross-border projects，To stimulate economic growth and humanistic development。China’s projects to support 188bet online sports betting infrastructure have been innovating，Established the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank、New institutions such as the BRICS New Development Bank，But the most ambitious project among them is undoubtedly the “Belt and Road” strategy。

China is an important participant in the Paris Agreement，Playing a key role in the fight against climate change。188bet online sports betting leadership and implementation are crucial to the successful conclusion of this agreement，No leadership from China，Other countries may waver。To prepare for climate change，Developing countries need to focus on building resilient and sustainable infrastructure。As the world’s largest investor in renewable energy，China can continue to promote the popularization of green technology domestically and globally。

Reshaping 188bet online sports betting governance and bilateral relations

188bet online sports betting has the ability to build a unique communication bridge between emerging economies and the developed world。188bet online sports betting is deeply promoting the formulation of regional and multilateral agreement mechanisms，And discuss finance with ASEAN and other developing neighboring countries、In-depth exchanges on security, trade and other issues。Past，Developed countries often provide development financing to less developed countries、Inculcate market liberalization ideas to help its development，And the results are not entirely ideal。188bet online sports betting might as well find another way with higher credibility，Better thinking about the development demands of emerging economies，Prove to the world that Eastern and Western countries can have different development paths。Specific methods may include further playing a role in existing international organizations，Also including leading the establishment of new institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank。

188bet online sports betting also has the opportunity to adjust its relations with other countries。188bet online sports betting is currently deepening its engagement with Africa，Same，188bet online sports betting can also invest through、Establish connections with other countries or regions through educational and cultural exchanges and cooperative research，Not limited to developing countries

China should also show its emphasis on improving corporate governance。Chinese companies are constantly expanding，But whether it is domestic or foreign business activities, it should be carried out under the supervision of labor and management、Adopt international standards in environmental and business practices。188bet online sports betting economic development once benefited from the positive influence of foreign companies in China，Same，Chinese companies’ investment projects in emerging economies must also comply with the spirit of sustainable development，In this way, positive spillover effects can be produced in long-term cooperation。

*Source of 188bet online sports betting article: WeChat public account "Shensixing" (ID: shensixing2014)，Author: Hua Qiangsen、Diaan-Yi Lin、Sung Jungmin、Anu Madgavkar、Susan Lund，Original title: "Restarting globalization: How does 188bet online sports betting lead the new process?》

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