Julian, screenwriter of Ghost Hands·In the first season of "Downton Abbey", Fellowes took the inheritance of the Earl of Grantham's family property as the main line of the story，is very wise。It is difficult for the Chinese to understand the significance of the inheritance issue to Britain，Especially the significance to the British aristocracy。Inheritance is the focus of many conflicts in British society。

To put it bluntly，It is the British inheritance system that created the British aristocracy，The British aristocracy has made the British Empire a century of glory。Since1066Norman Conquest to present，The British nobility has existed for nearly a thousand years。This article attempts to clear up the millennium fog，Return to the reader a real British aristocrat。

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Throughout Chinese history，Primogeniture is a principle of the patriarchal system，Beginning in Shang and Zhou Dynasties，Continues until late。Its characteristics are，The eldest son inherits the 188bet app download throne or official position，The other concubines all have fiefs or positions。This can be seen if the various levels of society are mentioned，China’s inheritance system is actually a system of property division。Big family with many descendants，After three generations of family separation, the family declined。

Although this inheritance system reflects the advantages of direct son inheritance，But the concubine was not deprived of all inheritance rights。This successor is not conducive to producing a big family，So when the dynasty changed, all the original aristocrats withdrew from the stage of history，Replaced by emerging nobles。

Continental inheritance system is more complicated，Varies by country。Some countries implement the production division system，There are also countries that implement an inheritance system similar to the British one，The eldest son inherits the title and all property。But with the rise of capitalism，Continental inheritance system is becoming chaotic，With the royal power after all、The decline of the nobility and their withdrawal from the stage of history，Replaced by inheritance system under modern legal system。

The British primogeniture system has been relatively well preserved for more than a thousand years。Its characteristics are，The eldest son inherits all real estate、Property、Nobility，The rest of the concubines will find their own way out when they become adults。This unfair primogeniture system is the continuation of the British aristocratic family，Thus laying a solid foundation for the continuation of the British aristocracy。

The noble bastard opened up the British colonial empire

This kind of inheritance system brings great pressure to the nobles and concubines，Prompt them to keep making progress，Making a living。Most of them study hard，Enter a public school，Then to Oxford、Cambridge Study。The education level of the noble concubine was once higher than that of the legitimate son。The blood of nobles flows in their veins，But neither property nor reputation，Everything should be fought for by yourself。

After graduating from university，They choose to enter various industries in society，Making a living。With the advent of the capitalist tide，A business spirit sweeps England。Most of the well-educated nobles and concubines are engaged in industry，Seeking profits，In order to regain the glory of the nobility。Some more people，Wandering across the ocean，To colonize states in Asia, Africa and Latin America，Created the glory of the British colonial empire。

These people who are prosperous in industry，Those who contributed to the colonization were later named nobles。Capitalists also join the aristocracy，This makes the aristocracy capitalist，Capitalist aristocracy。In this way, people from the aristocratic class continue to flow into other social classes，Some people from other social classes also flow into the aristocracy，In this way, the interests of the aristocracy are closely connected with other classes，Greater social mobility，Social conflicts have eased。

Also，The aristocratic bastard brings aristocratic temperament to all levels of society，And then developed the British gentlemanly demeanor，And evolved this style into the unique 188bet app download British Empire culture。This gentlemanly demeanor essentially represents the collective image of the British aristocracy，Thus giving the nobility a more positive image among all social strata。

The eldest son inherits the system and creates a great nobleman

This eldest son inheritance system makes the real estate of the great nobles、Property is getting bigger，At the same time, it also makes the great nobles always a stable and limited minority，Thus conducive to easing social conflicts。The British aristocracy has a stable group，This group is closely connected with the state power，Thus enabling the British aristocracy to play a central role in national politics。

This stable, limited group uses marriage ties to connect with each other，Enables the aristocratic family to last forever。Since the Industrial Revolution，Great nobles and capitalists merge，Jointly in charge of national power，Thus enabling the aristocracy to continue in Britain to this day。

Of course the successor is not perfect。It makes people indifferent，Alienation from family，Brothers turn against each other，Father and son become enemies。This inheritance system has also made the British worship money，Wealth of profit and forgetfulness of justice，Ruthless。But，Such shortcomings cannot conceal its historical achievements，Especially when comparing China’s successors, we can see the clues。

Comparison between Chinese and British nobles and their differences

Compared with the British primogeniture system，China is an inheritance system based on the eldest son inheritance system，So that nobility and common people have no worries，188bet online sports betting Thus developing a lack of knowledge and skills，The bad habit of laziness。After a few generations, the entire aristocratic class became a parasitic rentier class，This will inevitably lead to acute social conflicts。

Due to low education level，The overall image of Chinese aristocrats is bad。How powerful the Eight Banners were when they entered the Central Plains，Unfortunately, they all lost their combat effectiveness after a few generations。Red Hair Rebellion，The Manchu Qing Dynasty had to rely heavily on Han armed forces。More than two hundred years of the Qing Dynasty，The number of Manchus who are Jinshi is only single digits。

However, Oxford, UK、More than 80% of Cambridge graduates are children of aristocrats。If China could implement an inheritance system similar to Britain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The nobles and bastards who are forced to make a living will definitely create a commercial empire for China that is far larger than that of Britain。

Conclusion

Many nouveau riche in China call themselves the new rich，There are also some urban white-collar workers who call themselves single aristocrats。Say something unpleasant，Compare the British aristocracy，These people are not even qualified to carry their shoes。