1. The development path of Japan’s 188bet app

Inter-enterprise settlement in Japan has gone through a long development process，The 188bet app developed on this basis can be summarized into the following stages。

The first stage is the popularization of commercial bills as a means of settlement between enterprises。Follow，Payment of bills has become a means for buyer companies to raise working capital；Bill discounting has become a widely used financing method for seller companies。In Japan，Commercial paper is not only used for settlement，It is also an effective means for small and medium-sized enterprises to raise working capital，The mechanism design reflects the uniqueness of Japan’s 188bet app。Mid-1970s，The proportion of commercial paper in Japan’s 188bet app peaked and then showed a decreasing trend，Correspondingly, the proportion of debt collection is increasing。

The second stage is from bill trading to package factoring。After gradually realizing the risks of ticket loss and transaction costs，With the development of financial information technology，In Japanese inter-company settlements, the use of electronic settlement methods such as bank remittances and transfers exceeds that of bills。From this，The development of Japan’s 188bet app has also shifted from bill transactions to a mechanism that uses accounts payable and accounts receivable to help seller companies raise funds (package factoring, etc.)。

The third stage is to improve the infrastructure construction related to 188bet app。The advancement of the new mechanism requires the improvement of laws and regulations，As a result, Japan enacted and implemented the "Civil Code Special Cases and Other Relevant Laws Concerning Confrontation Conditions for the Transfer of Movable Properties and Claims" and the "Electronic Recording of Claims Act"，And established a registration and filing system。Accordingly，Japan has established an electronically recorded creditor agency led by major banks to provide supply chain financial services，At the same time，The Japan Banking Association and others have improved relevant infrastructure construction by providing platforms and services。

Affected by the electronic trend in recent years，Japan’s 188bet app gradually shifts from paper bills to electronic records of claims receivable、Asset Based Lending with unified management of inventory and accounts receivable，ABL) mode change。

2. Infrastructure construction of this 188bet app

Improving the commercial paper trading mechanism。Japan’s commercial bills are similar to China’s corporate acceptance commercial bills in the form of “issuance-payment-receipt”，But Japanese commercial bills usually do not accept third-party acceptance and guarantee，Relying only on the 188bet app of the drawer。Japan’s Negotiable Instruments Law、There are special provisions for commercial bills in the Check Law and the Civil Procedure Law，Make it an independent business transaction、Payment methods with high settlement 188bet app are promoted。The characteristics of Japan’s bill trading mechanism can be summarized as the following points。

Automatic redemption 188bet app。Normally，As of 9:30 a.m. the day after the bill settlement date，If no chargeback or objection is filed，The bill can be automatically cashed。Penalty 188bet app for non-payment。When the payer cannot settle within the time limit due to insufficient funds，The ticket will be used as"Rejected Bill"Notified to all financial institutions。If two chargebacks occur within half a year，The payer’s transactions with all financial institutions (including issuance of bills and demand deposit transactions, etc.) will be stopped，And is required to immediately return all benefits received from all financial institutions during the financing period。Enterprises subject to trading suspension are regarded as"De facto bankruptcy"。Objection appeal and litigation 188bet app。When settlement is refused due to a dispute arising from the bill payment contract，The payer must deposit an objection appeal deposit equal to the amount of the note in custody at the clearinghouse。If a dispute arises during the trial，According to Japan’s Negotiable Instruments Law (Invoices are securities，Cutting off human defense，Recognize the transferee’s good faith acquisition, etc.)，Due to limited disputes and evidence，Ability to set trial time limit，The court can conduct expeditious proceedings through the bill litigation 188bet app。

Legislation to protect sellers’ small and medium-sized enterprises。In addition to improving the trading mechanism，In order to promote the widespread application of commercial paper in the field of 188bet app，Japan has also enacted the "Subcontracting Law" to protect sellers' small and medium-sized enterprises。Normally，The buyer (outsourcing company) is strong，Relatively small sellers (contracting companies) have to accept their unfair demands。For this，The "Subcontracting Law" stipulates obligations and prohibited behaviors in commercial transactions and payment and settlement for larger buyers，A Fair Trade Committee with strong independence has been established to supervise the implementation。Under this mechanism，When signing a commercial contract, the possibility of the buyer manipulating the transaction conditions on his own or after the fact is eliminated，When setting settlement and payment conditions at the same time，Added content to protect vulnerable contracting companies，Improve the reliability of bills and accounts receivable by reducing settlement uncertainty，Thus supporting the stable operation of Japan’s supply chain financial system。

Improving the system of electronic recording of claims。In recent years, Japan’s 188bet app has gradually shifted from paper bills to electronically recorded claims、Change in chattel secured financing (ABL) method for unified management of inventory and accounts receivable。However，There is a risk of double transfer of claims receivable and the problem of human defense not being cut off，It is impossible to circulate through endorsement like a bill。For this，Japan enacted and implemented the "Electronic Recording of Claims Law" in 2008，Making electronically recorded claims the same as commercial paper, cutting off human defense，And recognize the acquisition in good faith (even if the transferor is a non-rights holder，All transferees are also protected)。At the same time，Since electronically recorded claims are registered once, the risk of double transfer is avoided。Japan promotes the use of electronic records of claims through system construction，But its popularity has not yet reached the level of bills，To be further developed in the future。

Improvement of laws related to transfer of movables and 188bet app。Previously，The third party confrontation condition for the transfer of creditor's rights is to notify the debtor (buyer) or the debtor's commitment in the form of a certificate signed with a confirmed date。But from the perspective of the creditor (seller)，If the information used to transfer the mortgage is known to the debtor，It will make the debtor suspect that there is a problem with the company's capital flow or credit，Thus affecting subsequent transactions。For this，Japan has passed legislation that stipulates that the registration of transfer of 188bet app is also a condition for third-party confrontation。Also，Promote the institutionalization of transfer registration through collective 188bet app，It is stipulated that 188bet app arising in the future can also become the object of transfer registration。At the same time，Japan has included movable property transfer registration as a condition for third-party confrontation，The institutionalization of collective movable property transfer registration allows inventory that changes at any time to become the object of transfer mortgage。

Allow the establishment of private debt recovery companies。Originally Japan’s Lawyers Law stipulates that lawyers or law firms other than lawyers cannot engage in debt recovery business。However，In order to promote the treatment of bad debts，Japan has enacted and implemented the "Law on Special Measures for the Debt Management and Recovery Industry (Service Provider Law)"，As a special case of lawyer law，Permit the establishment of private debt recovery management companies licensed by the Minister of Justice，Engaged in the management and recovery of specific monetary 188bet app (including 188bet app held by financial institutions or non-bank institutions、Securitization and liquidity-related 188bet app、188bet app related to legal bankruptcy procedures、Credit Guarantee Association’s claim rights, etc.)。

Promote the construction of 188bet app。In the process of building Japan’s 188bet app，Small credit reporting companies are gradually integrated、Eliminate，Currently known as "Empire Data Bank (TDB)";and"Tokyo Shoko Research Co., Ltd. (TSR)"Mainly these two large credit reporting companies。Because of the good credit of the credit reporting company，And the investigator’s visit is deemed to be an investigation commissioned by a potential customer or relevant financial institution，So companies often take the initiative to disclose information，Enriching the included financial data subjects。Large credit agencies conduct long-term, down-to-earth research，Accumulated huge corporate data (including bill dishonors and defaults、Bankruptcy and other information and related information about corporate settlement, etc.)，Financial institutions and others can obtain detailed financial information by purchasing this data、Detailed analysis of industry trends and default risks。

3. The Enlightenment of Japan’s 188bet app to my country

Japan’s development path and relatively complete infrastructure construction，To improve the overall ecological environment of 188bet app in my country，Further promoting the development of 188bet app has the following reference significance。

Business practices that promote payment when due。Currently，Uncertainty in settlement is the primary issue hindering the development of 188bet app in my country。For this，First of all, we need to promote our country’s business practice of paying bills and accounts receivable when they are due。Specifically，You can try to use the electronic bill platform as infrastructure，Incentivize companies to raise funds on this platform，To promote the habit of strictly observing payment deadlines。For payment delays，You can try under the current Negotiable Instruments Law，Introducing penalty rules and automatic redemption mechanisms into electronic bill platforms in specific regions，And stipulate relevant obligations and prohibited behaviors for buyers in a dominant position，Thus improving the predictability of bill realization。At the same time，Local governments and state-owned enterprises can try to stipulate that contracts containing payment terms be signed at the beginning of the transaction，Set target values ​​for contract execution and payment deadlines，And enforce compliance in accordance with the law。Also，You can try to establish a speedy adjudication system for bill litigation，To ensure the smooth operation of the supply chain financial system。

Improving corporate credit information。Currently, my country’s 188bet app still lacks information on corporate settlement trends，And the reliability and comprehensiveness of public information are also easily questioned。To improve corporate credit information，Improve business credit in inter-enterprise transactions in the supply chain，We can try to start from two aspects: cultivating high-quality private credit agencies with a certain scale and brand and further improving credit data。For both organizations and users，Ensure that a certain scale can be used to test data validity and thoroughly handle sensitive information，Ensure objective compliance of information output。final，Encourage companies to proactively provide non-public information such as financial statements and business models。In terms of improving credit reporting data，The central bank may consider increasing the collection of bill settlement information and guarantor debt information，Private institutions can use the settlement information accumulated in credit guarantee institutions or electronic bill platforms。Also，The central bank can relax controls in a timely manner，Allow recognized private credit agencies to link to the Central Bank Credit Information Center，And establish rules for the provision of information by these institutions to third parties。

Improving the legal validity of current assets。At present, there are still problems in my country's pledge financing of accounts receivable and the factoring business of accounts receivable，Consideration should be given to passing improved legislation，Clear the third-party confrontation conditions for the transfer of accounts receivable claims and the debtor confrontation conditions for the pledge of accounts receivable claims，And sort out the relationship with other laws and mechanisms。Also，Although my country’s Property Law has relevant provisions on chattel mortgage，Implemented chattel mortgage registration system，The online disclosure system of the Industrial and Commercial Bureau is also constantly advancing，However, my country’s property law includes a dual structure of separate mortgages and floating charges，And in general，Floating charge at a disadvantage，Influence on the implementation of inventory mortgage rights。Therefore，Driving the effectiveness of inventory as collateral in the supply 188bet app，First of all, this legal difference in advantages and disadvantages needs to be eliminated，Or recognize the superior position of the inventory after certain publicity through system reform。Anyway，Same as claims on accounts receivable，Inventory also needs to ensure a reasonable public disclosure system and operation management system。

Improving the securitization and liquidity mechanism。Supply 188bet app-related securitization and liquidity is the pooling of claims against multiple buyers into a single portfolio，The mechanism to then sell to investors，In order not to be mixed with other claims and debts，Need to set up a special purpose company (SPC)，And use SPC as the subject of the transaction。However，There are many risks in this combination，Including the risk of bad debts if the sales target fails to pay its debts、Risk of sales object’s settlement of accounts receivable、And the sale of claims to SPC - the risk of confrontation conditions due to imperfect laws during the transfer, etc.。Therefore，To enable securitization and liquidity markets to function，First of all, it is necessary to minimize the risk of accounts receivable settlement，And calculate the bad debt risk of the sales object on this basis，Ultimately used for securitization rating。For this，The data accumulated on the electronic bill platform can be used to assess credit risks, etc.。Also，Even if the claims on accounts receivable are transferred to investors，It is also necessary to collect debts on behalf of investors，Especially the management of bad debts caused by high-risk parts - recovery - sales and other businesses。Therefore，Consideration may be given to allowing staff of financial institutions, including non-bank institutions, to engage in debt recovery business (including bad debts)，And make necessary rules。