From a scholar’s ​​perspective，188bet login often a need for a "spring duck prophet"，To talk about new concepts and knowledge。From a practical operation perspective，You have to "make people haggard for Yixiao"，That is, solving practical problems，New things are often unusable。I’m going to play a little devil’s advocate here。

Enterprise 188bet login is unrealistic

I don’t agree with the so-called internal ecological construction of enterprises。Enterprise is a platform，There are many makers inside，I don’t agree with 188bet login point of view。Why don’t you agree？I don’t disagree in theory，The logic may be established: build an ecosystem，Make good game rules，Just empower 188bet login platform，Inject resources，Then，Various species can grow。But for most companies，188bet login is unrealistic。Why？Because there are not so many creative people within the company，Companies don’t have so many so-called makers。

You can track and analyze 188bet login，Some domestic companies use the maker model，Also attracted a lot of attention。actually，How many projects have been successful？I can say that without exaggeration，Some companies have almost never succeeded。May have been an internal maker for several years，But no team actually made anything，Or start a relatively large project or industry。Actually，188bet login are very few people with truly entrepreneurial abilities within a company。Due to the scarcity of entrepreneurs，External capital is chasing madly，So many 188bet login have become independent entrepreneurs。

From the perspective of realistic conditions，Platform mode、Ecological mode or maker mode，Difficult to operate。For example, when we consult for companies，Often 188bet login cannot be considered as a strategic option，Maybe 188bet login’s just a marginal attempt。So someone said，I have an idea，I have a good idea，Then I will form a team to do 188bet login，Of course this is possible。But you must not think that this is the mainstream model of business operation，This model cannot be used on the main channel of business operations。

What 188bet login main channel of business operations？The main channel 188bet login mainstream product。What to do with mainstream products？Still focus and pressure，This principle cannot be changed。The maker model is unfocused，Actually, 188bet login means "the east is not bright but the west is bright"。But the product of the real main channel，A bit like placing a bet，188bet login is necessary to concentrate organizational strength，188bet login is necessary to gather core talents to form a team。Shared governance when forming a team，To cross departments，I agree with all of these。Breaking the boundaries within the enterprise，Mission-focused，188bet login may also be a very important organizational form in the future。

My view has been somewhat verified。Give an example，For example, I have been to Google two or three times (of course I only visited briefly)，Every time we ask the Google staff at reception the same question: Google after search，What other killer products are there？Some people say Android，But Android was bought。Now engaged in artificial intelligence，But everyone should pay attention，Artificial intelligence is not an internal maker model，I also bought 188bet login initially，And now in pressure mode，A lot of doctors、Master presses up，Just created an alpha dog to play chess with us。188bet login was 6 years before and after joining Google，The story about internal makers seems to be the same story。

Same problem，We also asked Facebook’s receptionist: What is the source of your strategic innovation？Three answers，First, internal makers，The second is the foresight of senior management，The third is acquisition from outside。They thought for a while and replied: After the company goes public，After Xiao Zha’s marriage，Xiao Zha doesn’t seem to have any foresight anymore (this may be a joke)，There are even less internal makers，Real innovation comes from external acquisitions and mergers。188bet login means that there may be an entrepreneurial talent in any corner outside the company，There is a genius with black technology，He just came up with something，Just in line with the current market and technology development trends，Seen by Xiao Zha，He will buy 188bet login，1 billion is not enough, just 2 billion，2 billion is not enough, just 5 billion，Bid until you can’t refuse。So we often see some acquisitions and mergers of American companies，Spend billions of dollars，Buy one that has no sales at all、A company that doesn’t know what its future is，Why？Because the buyer saw the sprout。Why is Germination worth so much money？Because 188bet login cannot be generated internally，Whoever has this budding idea is a genius，There are only 2 such geniuses in the entire United States，1 was bought by Google，One was bought by Xiao Zha。Microsoft did not buy 188bet login，You will be very anxious。

Give another example，Intel that everyone knows。Intel makes chips and CPUs，The unparalleled hero in the PC era。Everyone knows that there is Wintel Alliance，Lenovo Group is also a part of this alliance，Also shared the dividends of the entire PC industry。Later, the PC industry dividend disappeared，Because mobile communications are coming。Everyone knows about making mobile communication baseband chips，The best company is called Qualcomm。Intel is not convinced，188bet login took more than 10 years，I have always wanted to make mobile phone chips，Repeated battles and defeats。Don’t Intel know 188bet login wants Makers？Don’t Intel know that 188bet login wants to break down organizational boundaries？Don’t Intel know that 188bet login is going to Stanford to find someone?？Intel so much money，Can be found anywhere，But I can’t find 188bet login yet。There is an intellectual property issue here，Patent issues，There are also some core Know-How、The core knowledge is in the minds of those people at Qualcomm。That’s why Intel spends so much money (Microsoft spends almost the same amount)，188bet login is also difficult to conquer。Intel has made some progress recently，A batch of chips were purchased by Apple，The purchase amount is actually very small，Only 800 million US dollars，Intel regards this as a historic achievement。This US0 million is compared to Intel’s investment in the past 10 years，The proportion is actually very low。

What am I trying to illustrate through these examples？Under the circumstances that Chinese enterprise technology is relatively backward，Especially in the chip、Smart equipment、When 188bet login a big gap between the three fields of new materials，Enterprises cannot trust any internal ecological organization prematurely。Actually，We still have to use the power of the organization，Focus、Pressure and success。188bet login is also the reason why Huawei grows。

I disagree with the externalization of corporate talents!

With 188bet login makers、188bet login ecological correspondence，Another term is talent externalization。I disagree even more with 188bet login.Many people say that you don’t need to cultivate talents yourself，188bet login must be some outside。I tell everyone，188bet login must be none outside。

Many people like to say this sentence - "The masters are among the people"。This statement cannot be said to be completely wrong，In some fields 188bet login is indeed possible that "masters are among the people"，For example, the entertainment industry，There is a farmer named Zhu Zhiwen，Sings well。But even in the entertainment industry，Those famous peasant singers，In fact, most of them have received professional training。They went to art school when they were young，I have not engaged in professional art work after finishing school，Not in an art group，He became a farmer。And some people want to become famous as farmers，188bet login also contains a piece of identity of a farmer。This is not our topic today，What I mean is that "masters among the people" may only exist in a few fields。

In Manager、Entrepreneur、Technical talents and other fields，The saying "masters are among the people" is basically untrue。Everyone knows，There is a concept in institutional economics called asset specificity，188bet login is a very important basic concept alongside transaction costs。

Asset specificity can explain organizational boundaries。What does 188bet login mean？Some assets are universal，For example, computers are universal assets，Available at Renmin University，The Peking University next door can also use 188bet login；Available in Business School，Can also be used by the School of Economics。Different fields、Different industries、Different spaces、different time、Different subjects...can be used。A concept opposite to universality is specificity，That is to say, 188bet login can only be used here，Can only be used in this enterprise，Can only be used in this industry，Only these people can use 188bet login...188bet login will be worthless after being transferred，And the price is very high。

Normally，Fields where assets are specific，Must be operated internally。On the one hand，Can’t buy 188bet login outside，Because this asset is dedicated，Enterprises can slowly build up this capability。On the other hand，Profits must be generated through asset specificity - and often lead to excess profits。Therefore 188bet login is impossible to open 188bet login to others。The founder of this concept is called Williamson，He particularly emphasized that human capital is also a special asset。In other words，There are very few general talents in this society。

Some people say: "I want to become a USB drive，You can plug 188bet login into any computer。”I thought，If I were a computer，You penetrate me，I don’t necessarily want 188bet login yet！Example of talent USB drive，Can’t say no。We also take the entertainment industry as an example，Actor filming a TV series，Come to this crew and play this role，Go to that crew and play that role，This is okay。

But the talents in most positions in the company、Human capital is actually dedicated，Can’t be found outside，First, scarcity，Second, 188bet login some specialized knowledge (the main content of human capital is knowledge) that must be formed within specific industries and enterprises。The knowledge mentioned here has two levels: one is experience and knowledge of specific industries；The second is the experience and knowledge within a specific enterprise。

Let me expand on each one。Let’s talk about the first level of knowledge first。There is a very famous furniture company in Zhejiang，Recently listed，This boss is very open-minded，We have introduced some professional managers in recent years，The best professional manager。They told me themselves，188bet login takes three years to truly understand the industry。This is the industry specificity of human capital。

Some industries may take more than three years。My son is a man with a science major，is studying optical communication science，Quantum communication is within the scope of this profession。I asked him: "How can someone like you become a quantum communication expert？" He thought for a while and said to me: "Based on my current situation，I still need to study for more than 10 years to become an expert。Now a graduate student，I will study for another 5 years to get a PhD，Do a few more years as a postdoc，Basically he is an expert in this field。”So，Sometimes the knowledge in a certain field is very advanced，188bet login takes a long time to learn。

Now let’s talk about the second level of knowledge，Internal knowledge about the enterprise，This point，The situation in the United States is better than that in China。There is still a certain possibility for the United States to implement the "Manager USB Drive Model"。Why？Because of the cultural differences between American companies、The differences in management or people’s living environments may be relatively small。We often see senior managers in the United States，Is the CEO of this company，I was also the CEO of that company，He can do 188bet login all。

China is different，This has something to do with Chinese corporate culture。There are very big differences between enterprises in China。The boss’s personality、Leadership、Team composition、Organizational atmosphere、The life cycle and scale of the enterprise, etc.，Less in the lack of commonality and fluid platform between enterprises。Professional manager，Including some young students going to companies，188bet login often requires a long adaptation and learning process。Knowledge about this company，Not necessarily management knowledge - management knowledge is easier to handle，There is also some implicit knowledge，For example, who is good with whom。This is also knowledge，I encountered a "landmine" because I couldn't handle 188bet login properly。

Successful companies in China，What is the basic model of human resources development？Mainly student soldiers，Choose a group of outstanding student soldiers。At the same time，There must be a good training mechanism。Or a master leads an apprentice，Or learn war in war，etc.。Through various mechanisms，Let student soldiers grow。188bet login model is more in line with the cultural characteristics of the Chinese people。

The psychological structure of Chinese people is relatively complex。Chinese culture is very complicated，Very abstract，道、Germany、Houde Zaiwu... What is Houde Zaiwu？Not sure，Let you realize。The human heart is the law of heaven，The principles of heaven are the human heart，Too convoluted for most people。A few people with high understanding have realized 188bet login，Most people have not realized 188bet login，Some people pretend to be enlightened，In fact, a lot of private goods were stuffed in。Because 188bet login’s too abstract，The specific explanation will vary from person to person。Unlike the West which technicalizes problems，For example, human character，Human quality，How many factors can be measured。Technology means the existence of standards。The standard is the platform。

Chinese people emphasize politeness。The new son-in-law goes to the old father-in-law’s house，188bet login is clear that neither party has a good impression，Be polite too，Smile、Nod。As the saying goes，188bet login is difficult to know the heart and the face of a person。The positive statement is: Horsepower is known from a distance，188bet login takes time to see people’s hearts。188bet login is difficult to establish trusting relationships among Chinese people，This is the characteristic of acquaintance society。The entrepreneurial teams of Chinese companies are basically internalized。Either a classmate，Either from a village，Either they were soldiers together。The closest fate is blood relationship，Look around，My son is the most trustworthy，My wife is basically trustworthy。I read an article yesterday about the story of boxer Zou Shiming and his master，188bet login’s quite touching。The master is his coach。The master and apprentice have cooperated for more than 17 years，Basically together every day。In this way, there is a trust relationship，This is called love like father and son。There are also media reports，Some athletes，For example, there was a break between Sun Yang and his coach。

Some Chinese companies are indeed at the forefront of the times。But，I read some new theories over and over again、New concept，I think 188bet login is a "utopia" in management，188bet login is also "to express sorrow in order to compose new words"，Proposing new concepts to create a theory。Academic research can do this，But if you want to actually operate 188bet login in the enterprise，Maybe 188bet login doesn’t have much value or significance。

*Source of 188bet login article: China Cornerstone e Insight，Author: Shi Wei，Original title: "The ecological model is likely to be a “utopia” in management》

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