A fire on April 15, 2019，Burn down Notre Dame de Paris，It also burned the hearts of many people。This majestic Gothic building，Through the French Revolution，Witnessed World War II，It looks indestructible，It seems that it will always stand majestically on the banks of the Seine。Too many people can’t believe it，Such a cultural landmark was destroyed by a fire，It is impossible not to sigh that "good things in the world are not strong"，Colorful clouds disperse easily and glass is brittle"。
The fire burned the ground and settled on every brick、The heavy history on every beam，Damaged places cannot be copied、Human cultural heritage that cannot be repeated—this fire has sounded the alarm for all mankind to protect cultural heritage。How to use modern means to better protect existing cultural heritage？Compared with tangible material cultural heritage，How to protect intangible cultural heritage？How to integrate traditional culture into the present？
In recent years，The protection and inheritance of cultural heritage is becoming more and more popular in China，Especially reflected in intangible cultural heritage。The government has stepped up efforts to protect intangible cultural heritage in terms of policies，Many cultural works and games with intangible cultural heritage elements have also appeared in the entertainment market。The documentary "Inheritance" produced by CCTV tells the wonderful skills and life stories of 35 intangible cultural heritage inheritors，Reproduce the unique craftsmanship that is on the verge of being lost，Good reputation。Last year’s popular Chinese music game “Nishan Shaman” also contains rich intangible cultural heritage elements，The background of the story is derived from the Manchu intangible cultural heritage folk literature "The Biography of Nishan Shaman"，The picture style combines intangible cultural heritage elements such as paper-cutting and shadow puppetry，The precious intangible cultural heritage of the Manchu people is passed on in a modern, moist and silent way。
Whether it is the highly praised "Heritage" or the popular audio game "Nishan Shaman"，It can be said to be the perfect combination of intangible cultural heritage and modern communication methods。The popularity of both also points to the fact that intangible cultural heritage does not lack appreciation，There is just a lack of public awareness and exposure to intangible cultural heritage、Storytelling method to restore the glory of intangible cultural heritage、It’s just methods and media。
With the advent of the 5G era，Digital technologies such as VR/AR may bring us unlimited possibilities，Very likely to take on this important task。
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Why are digital technologies such as VR/AR likely to become media that take on this important role？
First，The protection and inheritance of intangible 188bet app download cultural heritage is special。Director of the National Center for Research and Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, my country Academy of Arts、Tian Qing, an expert on intangible cultural heritage, has the following description of the characteristics of intangible cultural heritage:
“‘There are three ways for Chinese humans to inherit civilization: material culture、Documentation、Intangible Culture，Among them, intangible cultural heritage is probably the most difficult to capture、The least easy to retain、The most difficult one to restore。Material Culture，Like bronze、Construction, etc.，Can be buried deep or stand immortal for thousands of years、Not falling；Text Document，In ancient times, there was a saying "silk protects eight hundred"，The saying that paper has a lifespan of a thousand years，The earliest paper documents discovered in my country belong to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties period，Not to mention the Qin bamboo slips、Oracle。Rather than material culture，Cannot be used concretely、Saved by static physical carrier。Intangible cultural heritage is not a static sculpture，More like flowing music，It is procedural、Fleeing。”
Compared with tangible material cultural heritage，It is difficult to find suitable protection methods and inheritance methods for intangible cultural heritage。Currently，my country’s intangible cultural heritage work faces the following difficulties:
(1) The number of inheritors is insufficient (faces the end of inheritance、Danger of lack of successors)。With the increasing deterioration of the ecological environment of intangible cultural heritage，Different from fixed tangible cultural heritage，The core and most precious resource of intangible cultural heritage lies in the inheritors，Many inheritors are already advanced due to their age，The number of inheritors is decreasing，There are few successors to inherit the skills he has mastered，Many intangible cultural heritages are in danger of extinction。Currently, the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage are aging seriously，At the same time, under the influence of the rapid development of modern industry，Many people in the younger generation do not have a deep understanding of intangible cultural heritage，Weak sense of cultural identity，Feeling that engaging in intangible cultural heritage does not provide a sense of self-fulfillment，The willingness to enter the intangible cultural heritage industry is relatively low。
(2) The form of communication needs to be improved。Most of the domestic intangible cultural heritage protection work still only involves taking pictures、Interview、Oral Narration、In the form of physical collection, etc.。These protection methods have indeed preserved a large number of precious intangible cultural heritage materials，But as time goes by，Compromised entity data、Old photos and abstract oral records cannot fully shoulder the important task of protection and inheritance。
(3) Promotional content lacks depth。Many intangible cultural heritage promotion activities currently launched are only at the formal level，The content lacks depth and content。Sometimes just a rough text introduction，Lack of engagement from listeners or visitors，Not very impressed at the end，The purpose of protection and inheritance has not been truly achieved；Sometimes，Intangible cultural heritage items have become a marketing gimmick for businesses，However, whether the combination of its products and intangible cultural heritage content is appropriate is rarely considered by merchants。
(4) Issues of learning and inheritance innovation among inheritors。The inheritors of intangible cultural heritage are the same as everyone，Everyone has the right to learn new knowledge。It doesn’t mean 188bet Online Sports Betting and Casino you don’t need to learn just because you are an inheritor，It’s not like you have to give up the right to learn new knowledge just because you have the obligation to pass it on。Although the reality is that many inheritors are not well educated，But with the progress of the times，The structure of the heritage group is also undergoing profound changes。In the near future，The inheritance of many intangible cultural heritage items in our country will be mainly undertaken by people with academic qualifications。It’s not that many inheritors don’t want to be exposed to new knowledge and information，But there is no condition to contact；It’s not that you don’t want to improve the material、Improve skills，But I don’t know where to find better materials，Learn better skills。
(5) Unbalanced efforts in digital protection and inheritance。Currently，Most intangible cultural heritage work in developed areas has adopted digital technology，But many intangible cultural heritage projects in remote areas are ignored，Many intangible cultural heritage inheritors are unaware of the need to promote and protect through modern means，Finally, we fell into a vicious cycle of “few people understand it—difficult to pass on—and even fewer people understand it”。
Secondly，Although VR/AR technology cannot solve all the above problems，But the unique advantages of VR/AR technology make it stand out，Is the best choice to combine with intangible cultural heritage:
One，The unique audio-visual feast of VR/AR can create a highly realistic virtual world，Bring the audience into the world of intangible cultural heritage，Novel forms can also attract a large number of young people，Stir up more people’s desire to understand intangible cultural heritage，Promote the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage；
Part 2，Content created based on VR/AR technology can be diversified in form，can be audio、Video、Game、Immersive experience, etc.，Able to adapt to the needs and tastes of different people，Let the public have in-depth access to intangible cultural heritage projects from multiple aspects while the intangible cultural heritage is protected；
Part 3，The unique interactivity of VR/AR technology increases public participation。The distant intangible cultural heritage has become a cultural product within reach，In the past, it could only be done through a screen、Things you understand through books，Now you can experience it for yourself。During interaction，The subjective initiative of the audience has been mobilized。
Fourth，With the advent of the 5G era and the country’s strong support for virtual reality technology，VR/AR technology will usher in rapid development。December 30, 2013，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during the 12th collective study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee: “We must keep the cultural relics collected in the Forbidden Palace、Heritage displayed on the vast land、The words written in ancient books come alive。”October 22, 2018，World VR Industry Conference held in Nanchang，General Secretary Xi Jinping also hereby sends a congratulatory letter:
Intangible Cultural Heritage + VR/AR: Old wine in new bottles still has new ideas
Although VR/AR technology has not been widely used in the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage，However, there are still many intangible cultural heritage projects in China that have adopted VR/AR technology for dissemination，Getting great feedback。China’s intangible cultural heritage is divided into ten categories: Folk Art、Traditional drama、Traditional skills、Traditional Sports、Traditional music、Traditional Art、Traditional dance、Traditional skills、Traditional Medicine、Folklore。
At present, the intangible cultural heritage projects in China that have tried to use VR/AR technology to record and disseminate include the following:
1. Traditional drama and folk art
VR/AR has become one of the 188bet sports betting app download best ways to watch traditional Chinese opera with its unique audio-visual experience，Both Kun Opera, known as the "ancestor of all operas", and Peking Opera, the "quintessence of Chinese opera", have actually begun to use VR/AR technology to show their timeless charm to the public。
1. Kun Opera
February 19, 2019，CCTV news release news online VR channel，And broadcast the world’s first VR documentary on Kun Opera, the world’s intangible cultural heritage, "Kun Opera Nirvana"。Netizens will “visit” the Jiangnan Waterside Pavilion through VR，Look at the colorful flowers blooming all over，Listen to the joys and sorrows like smoke，We will also witness the ancient and modern dialogues between senior Kun Opera inheritors across time and space。
2. Peking Opera
(1) Suiyan app AR Peking Opera characters
Suiyan is an app designed to introduce and promote Peking Opera，With the AR technology of iOS platform，AR Peking Opera characters adopt traditional Chinese painting brush strokes and modern animation style，As long as you click on the AR function, a lifelike "horn" will rise from the ground and sing and play in front of your eyes。
(2) "Big Flower AR Face Makeup"
Peking Opera performing artist、Chu Lanlan, the "Queen of Beijing Rhymes", specially launched "Big Painted Face AR Mask" specially for children，This is the first album that applies AR technology to the quintessence of Chinese art，Selected 10 classic scenes from the Peking Opera version of "Havoc in Heaven"，Grafting AR technology on 16 Peking Opera facial makeup characters。Such a unique picture album is both educational and entertaining，The effect of popularizing the art of Peking Opera，Loved by children。
(3) VR Peking Opera Experience Area “Several Opera Peking Opera”
2019 New Year Cultural Forum with the theme of "Celebrating the New Year"，It is one of Beijing Square’s unique series of activities during the New Year。This year’s New Year event also launched a VR Peking Opera experience area full of technology，Use volumetric capture、Motion capture、3D scanning and other technologies bring novel theater viewing experience to tourists。
(4) Tobias Gremmler uses 3D virtual actors to perform Peking Opera
Visual artist from Germany、"Virtual Actors in Chinese Opera" produced by animator Tobias Gremmler，The lively rhythm of traditional Chinese musical instruments and the elegant and classic Peking Opera movements，The effect is amazing。
3. Sichuan Opera
Sichuan Opera "Flash Mob" "The Legend of White Snake" VR cultural and creative products appeared in Chengdu Eastern Suburb Memory on October 29, 2016，Attracting many citizens to stop and watch the experience。Wearing a VR headset allows you to go to the theater to watch the dreamy experience of Sichuan Opera Face Changing。
4. Cantonese Opera
The Education University of Hong Kong established the Cantonese Opera Heritage Research Center and launched a "Virtual Reality Cantonese Opera Experience"。Visitors can wear VR glasses，Become the protagonist of the Cantonese opera "The Wrong Dream in the West Tower"，Experience Cantonese opera performances from a first-person perspective。
2. Folk Literature
VR/AR is undoubtedly a good medium for storytelling，Many of China’s shining folk literature are intangible cultural heritage，Provides a large amount of content resources and inspiration for VR/VR content creators。
1. The Legend of Emperor Yan Shennong/"The Legend of Darkness"
The VR animated short film "Leshanshi·Hallucination" produced by China VR Animation Pinta Studios was shortlisted for the VR competition unit of the 75th Venice International Film Festival in 2018。"The Lieshan Family" comes from the story of Shennong Tasting Hundreds of Herbs，Rooted from the intangible 188bet sports betting app download cultural heritage "The Legend of Darkness"。
2. "The Legend of White Snake"
Hangzhou Songcheng Scenic Area launches AR tour guide "Xiao Qing"，Visitors can summon "Xiao Qing", one of the virtual tour guides, through the Songcheng Tour Guide app，Visitors can have a deeper understanding of Songcheng scenic spots through "Xiaoqing"'s real-life navigation and professional introduction。
3. "The Legend of Mulan"
Art game picture book "AR Chinese Classic Story: Hua Mulan"，An AR interactive game is added based on the familiar story of Hua Mulan joining the army，Added interactivity and fun。
4. Legend of the Three Kingdoms
April 18, 2018，VR game "Sanguo Warriors VR" is launched on Steam platform，Supports Oculus Rift and HTC Vive headsets。In the exciting fighting and plot，Players have relived the Three Kingdoms era in troubled times。
3. Traditional Art
Chinese traditional art includes architectural art、Calligraphy、Painting、Sculpture、Seal cutting、Arts and crafts, etc.，In the splendid history of Chinese culture, a unique tradition and system that is different from Western art has been formed。When unique traditional art meets VR/AR new technology，What kind of sparks will collide?？
1. "Along the River During Qingming Festival" VR short film
During the Mid-Autumn Festival in 2016，LeTV VR platform has launched the VR short film "Along the River During Qingming Festival"，The content selection uses Hongqiao as the starting point for viewing。The audience’s eyes will follow the boats on the Bian River and onto the river bank，Crossing the tower。There are blacksmiths on both sides of the street along the way，The one who shouts and sells things，There are many shops...audiences can travel through the Qingming Festival Along the River，Dream back to the prosperous Bianjing thousands of years ago。
2. Ming Dynasty landscape painting "Reading in the Autumn Forest"
Usually we appreciate landscape paintings from a flat perspective，The British Museum in 2018 creatively used 3D animation to present the landscape work "Reading in the Autumn Forest" by Chinese Ming Dynasty painter Xiang Shengmo。Previous second，The picture shows a traditional landscape painting scroll，Last second，The audience seems to have entered a 3D picture，Entering the ancient landscape，Unknowingly, he became the “person in the painting”。Such a short film of less than three minutes，In just three weeks，Received nearly 2 million plays overseas，I can only say that the 3D version of Chinese landscape painting is so amazing。
3. Dunhuang Mural VR Tour
Beijing Gravitational Wave Virtual Reality Technology Co., Ltd. launched a VR roaming experience for the world-class intangible heritage Dunhuang murals，The audience can follow the camera into the mysterious Dunhuang Grottoes，Explore the charm of thousand-year-old art。This VR roaming experience has exquisite graphics，It can be called an audio-visual feast。
VR/AR technology ≠ panacea
From Chinese opera to folk literature，There are many intangible cultural heritage projects applying VR/AR technology，With the blessing of VR/AR technology，Many little-known intangible cultural heritage items have been further expanded and derived as a result。But with VR/AR technology，Is the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage now safe and sound?？Have all the current problems been solved?？Far from it，VR/AR technology is not a panacea。Actually，There are still several problems that need to be solved in the application of VR/AR technology in the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage:
First，The quality of content presented by intangible cultural heritage projects combined with VR/AR technology。Do intangible cultural heritage projects that apply VR/AR technology truly achieve the purpose of spreading intangible 188bet online sports betting cultural heritage，Or maybe it’s just a flashy gimmick，Become a means of marketing for merchants？The inheritance of intangible cultural heritage needs to keep pace with the times，But the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage must also have warmth and texture，Revitalize intangible cultural heritage，Make it a cultural product within reach。The combination of VR/AR technology and intangible cultural heritage，Pay attention to the careful creation of content，Fully demonstrate the essence of intangible cultural heritage with greater interactivity and experience。
Secondly，Technical difficulties of VR/AR。To integrate the virtual screen with the real environment，Difficult to tell true from false，Current VR/AR technology still has many shortcomings。Display resolution、Network carrying capacity、Optical performance、Accuracy of bearing tracking system、The data refresh frequency and delay have not yet reached a satisfactory level。In addition，The low comfort level when users wear headsets is also a point that VR/AR products have always been criticized for。Another point that cannot be ignored is，Contents produced by combining VR/AR technology with intangible cultural heritage must be produced without harming the intangible cultural heritage items，For example, when using VR/AR technology to digitally restore the intangible cultural heritage Dunhuang murals，Preliminary 3D scanning、Modeling and data collection must be carried out with protective measures on the murals。
Last，Public acceptance of virtual reality technology。Although 2016 is called the “Year of VR”，But in fact, VR/AR technology is not very popular among the general public。First，Many people’s impression of VR/AR is still at the game level，There are still some people who stay away from VR/AR products because of uncomfortable virtual experiences。Therefore，To play a positive role in promoting intangible cultural heritage through VR/AR technology，The public’s willingness to accept new technologies also plays a decisive role。Secondly，As mentioned above, the current intangible genetic inheritors are seriously aging，Many inheritors have been suffering from lack of publicity，But most of them don’t know much about the emerging VR/AR technology，I don’t even know that VR/AR technology can help the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage items。The ever-present information gap makes it difficult for many intangible cultural heritage projects to meet suitable VR/AR content producers。
"The years are speechless, but the stone can speak"
The famous writer Feng Jicai, known as "the first person to protect traditional villages", once lamented the simple rock paintings in Helan Mountain，The inscription for the Helan Mountain rock paintings: "The years are speechless，A stone can speak”。In the torrent of time，People are like ants，Life and death。Time will erode the traces of human existence，But the ancient life memory and living cultural genes of a nation or a country can be passed down from generation to generation through intangible cultural heritage。Intangible cultural heritage is the witness of human civilization，It is also a bond of national emotional connection and communication。
However, some people in society currently do not have enough understanding of the importance and urgency of inheriting intangible cultural heritage。On the one hand, it is the issue of intangible cultural heritage protection and publicity methods，On the one hand, it is the issue of intangible cultural heritage protection and publicity methods，In other words，It’s because the sense of national cultural identity is not strong。For this，Although VR/AR technology is not a panacea for solving the problem of intangible cultural heritage，But it is also one of the ways to protect and inherit intangible cultural heritage。
I hope the tragedy of the Notre Dame fire will never happen 188bet app again，I hope that the AR/VR technology we love can be integrated into historical civilization in a more flexible way，Eliminate the public’s sense of strangeness and mystery about intangible cultural heritage，Thus bringing out the warmth、Works with quality，Stimulate the public’s awareness of the protection of intangible cultural heritage。As Mr. Feng Jicai said，Let young people love our own culture，This is both a cause and an effect - because of love，So protect；Because of protection，So love。
*Source of this article: WeChat public account "China Economic Culture Industry" (ID: cewenhua)，Original title: "Case丨What kind of sparks will intangible cultural heritage and VR/AR collide with?》.
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