Recent，The sharing economy is very popular，"Government Work Report" deployment for two consecutive years，Many people around me are discussing it。What changes and challenges does the sharing economy bring？What important issues need to be solved，It can make it stable and far-reaching？Behind the Heat，Many issues require further investigation、Cold thinking。

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Sharing economy utilizes modern information technology，The main feature is the sharing of usage rights，There is a lot of room for development

Sharing economy is booming。Report released by the Sharing Economy Research Center of the National Information Center，2016，my country’s sharing economy market transaction volume is approximately 3,452 billion yuan，103% increase over the previous year，Covers life services、Production capacity、Transportation、Knowledge and skills、House accommodation、Medical surgery、P2P online loan、Key areas such as online crowdfunding。At the same time，The sharing economy is also being favored by capital。According to incomplete statistics，The financing scale of the sharing economy in 2016 was approximately 171 billion yuan，130% year-on-year growth。

“According to innovation diffusion theory，The sharing economy is still in the stage of rapid growth；From the perspective of product maturity cycle，The sharing economy is in the late stage of introduction，Transitioning to the growth stage，It’s still far from maturity。”Same as Zhang Xinhong, Director of the Information Research Department of the National Information Center，Experts generally believe that there is still a lot of room for the development of the sharing economy。

These two years，In-depth development in practice，The concept is a bit vague - doesn’t the sharing economy refer to the use of personal idle resources?？Most of the shared bicycles are bicycles released by the platform，Is this true sharing？

"In the past few years，Our understanding of the sharing economy is in a process of continuous 188bet online sports betting deepening，In fact, its connotation can be richer。"Zhang Xinhong analysis:
Previously，Shared resources must be idle resources；Now，Resources may not be idle，High-quality ones can also be shared，For example, "famous doctors and surgeons" share high-quality medical resources。

Previously，Sharing is mostly limited to houses、Tangible items such as cars；Now，The invisible can also be shared，For example, you can share knowledge and skills through online Q&A and other platforms。

Previously，Both sides of supply and demand on sharing platforms are often “infinite”，But it seems now，It’s okay if only one party is “infinite”。For example, shared bicycles，If the platform only relies on access to personally owned bicycles，It will be difficult to develop，Therefore, the platform launches customized vehicles on a certain scale，Limited supply side、User "unlimited"，It is a kind of "incomplete sharing"。

“As long as the basic concept meets the requirements for sharing，Can be regarded as a sharing economy。"Zhang Xinhong gave a "standard definition": Sharing economy refers to the use of modern information technology such as the Internet，The main feature is the sharing of usage rights，Integrate massive amounts、Decentralized resources，Total economic activities that meet diverse needs。

"Emphasis on utilization of idle resources，Mainly from the perspective of resource allocation。From the perspective of benefit distribution，The core of the sharing economy is ‘use rather than own’。”In the opinion of Jiang Qiping, Secretary General of the Information Technology Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，The sharing economy is based on the use of means of production and living resources rather than ownership，Innovation through rent-to-buy and other models，Make full use of knowledge assets and idle resources。

Can a large number of new jobs be created?

60 million people participated in the sharing economy to provide services last year，One platform creates 17.5 million jobs

"Support Didi and other sharing economy companies...help unemployed people amid overcapacity cuts and employees of companies with long-term production shutdowns to find employment by engaging in the mobile travel industry、Increase revenue” - November 2016，Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security、The National Development and Reform Commission and other five departments specifically proposed "Special Assistance Activities for Mobile Travel" in the "Notice on Carrying out Employment Assistance Work in Northeast and Other Difficult Areas"。According to introduction，Didi Chuxing created 17.188bet app 5 million flexible employment opportunities in 2016，238 of them.40,000 people come from overcapacity reduction industries。

Sharing economy，Why it has become an important way out for overcapacity reduction and re-employment？

"Work part-time on Didi and other platforms，Employees do not need to terminate personnel relations with their original units，You can continue to pay social security at your original employer，Part-time income is also considerable，The original unit can reduce part of the labor cost，Thus achieving a win-win situation for all parties。" said Zhang Chenggang, deputy director of the China New Employment Formation Research Center at Capital University of Economics and Business。

“It is worth emphasizing that，The sharing economy has changed the traditional employment method based on industrialization，Creating huge flexible employment opportunities。"Jiang Qiping said。Report Display，In 2016, the number of people participating in sharing economic activities and providing services in my country was approximately 60 million，10 million more people than the previous year。

Changes in employment patterns have led to new adjustments in the benefit distribution mechanism。"In traditional economics，The owner and the user are generally in an employment relationship，Users are just paid labor force；But in the sharing economy，The owner and the user are in a sharing relationship。"Jiang Qiping thinks，Workers have changed their status of simply receiving wages through sharing，Join in the distribution of residual value，It is also helpful to make a distribution more fair。

Then，What is the appropriate distribution ratio of benefits between the platform and workers？Will the platform occupy too much profit？Zhang Xinhong thinks，Although platforms dominate the sharing economy，But pricing level、The distribution mechanism and so on have also been repeatedly estimated、Derivated with caution，“The commission ratio should be determined by market dynamics。The commission is too high，Workers will naturally flow to other platforms in the industry，Or switch to other business formats。”

Will the store bully customers?
It is easy to "winner takes all" and "one family dominates"，But the threshold is not high，Full competition，Monopoly is not unbreakable August 1 last year，Didi Chuxing and Uber China, which once fought fiercely, announced their merger，Incurred antitrust investigation by the Commerce Department。Subsequently，Didi reduces subsidies、The rising price has attracted heated discussion——the giant platform of the sharing economy，Whether the monopoly position 188bet app will be used to harm the interests of consumers？

Looking at its own characteristics，Sharing economy has the potential to expand、Natural genes that accelerate integration。“The scale effect of the sharing economy is obvious，The more participants，The greater the value，In turn, it can attract more participants；The platform connects both supply and demand，Also has a ‘bilateral market effect’，More supply，Demand will be attracted，In reverse，Increased demand will also drive supply。"Zhang Xinhong thinks，Because of this，The sharing economy is prone to "winner takes all" and "one company dominates"。

From the perspective of development stage，The sharing economy in some fields has reached the point of moderate concentration。

“Large mergers and acquisitions are the result of intensified competition during the rapid growth period of the sharing economy，This is also a prelude to the stabilization of the competitive landscape。”Zhang Xinhong analyzed，Although it has only been around for a short time，But traffic、The sharing economy in accommodation and other fields has completed market cultivation earlier，“Active sharing atmosphere、Stable user group、Full market competition、Mature business models provide the basis for mergers and acquisitions。”

Many people are concerned about: burning money、After the subsidy war，How will the market structure of shared bicycles be transformed？Zhang Xinhong pointed out the general rule: the market structure will move from excessive decentralization to moderate concentration，The relationship of competition and cooperation will move from vicious competition to healthy competition，The means of competition will also shift from price subsidies to experience improvements。

Will mergers and acquisitions lead to monopoly?

"Determine whether it is a monopoly，It mainly depends on whether it harms the interests of consumers，Not market share size，It mainly depends on the specific behavior of the company，Not market position。"Zhang Xinhong thinks，The sharing economy does not have as high entry barriers as traditional manufacturing，“The technology is not complicated，Mainly business model innovation，A company has gone too far，Consumers will naturally vote for other platforms with their feet。"Jiang Qiping said，The existing antitrust legal system can no longer keep up with the development of the Internet era，Need to keep pace with the times、Make changes。

How to control and put it in place?

Coordinated governance by all parties，The government needs to make efforts to open data、Strong legal 188bet app system，Enterprises must strengthen the construction of credit system

Not long ago，Faced with the rapid increase in the scale of shared bicycles，Some cities have proposed quantity control limits，Causing discussion。

“In the long run，The investment in a shared bicycle will reduce the use of 3-5 private bicycles，Will reduce the total number of bicycles used。Of course，The rapid development of shared bicycles、When private bicycles have not yet been eliminated，It’s easy to have too many bicycles on the road。"Zhang Xinhong thinks，In transition phase，The government needs to demarcate parking areas、Do more work on regulating parking and other aspects，Don’t just rely on blocking。

Sharing economy is a new thing，May grow wildly，There is no experience to follow in regulating it，Need to "cross the river by feeling for the stones"。How to control it and put it in place，Testing the wisdom of policymakers and the whole society。

To allow the sharing economy to develop healthily，Our country is constantly improving top-level design。January this year，General Office of the CPC Central Committee、The State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Healthy and Orderly Development of the Mobile Internet"，Proposed to actively cultivate, standardize and guide new forms of sharing economy。March，National Development and Reform Commission in the "Guidelines for the Development of Sharing Economy (Draft for Comments)"，Also proposed “inclusive innovation，Prudential supervision，Strengthening the Supervision Principle of Guarantee。

“Sharing economy cross-industry、Cross-region、The characteristics of networking put forward new requirements for supervision。Effective supervision cannot rely solely on government departments，You cannot rely solely on platform companies，Needs collaborative governance by all parties。"Zhang Xinhong said。

In Open Data、Improving the legal system, etc.，The government can do more。

Some online ride-hailing platforms stated，I really want to carefully screen the driver’s violent criminal record during the pre-screening process，But it is difficult to obtain authoritative data。Zhang Xinhong said，Transportation、Accommodation and other fields are facing the problem of identity and credit authentication of both parties to the transaction，“Relevant government departments and public institutions should share these critical data more openly with enterprises，Thus conducive to better supervision。”Also，Many existing laws and regulations also need to be adjusted，For example, how to define the legal status and responsibilities of platform companies，188bet sports betting app download How to collect taxes，How to regulate new labor relations, etc.。If it is not clear as soon as possible，Some economic activities may be in the "grey area"。

Building a credit system、Undertake social responsibility，Enterprises can do better。

“The sharing economy has typical characteristics of peer-to-peer economy，Resource owners and users complete the entire transaction through the network，The construction of a platform-based credit guarantee system is the top priority for the healthy development of the sharing economy。"Zhang Xinhong thinks。Currently，Platforms generally have a credit evaluation system covering both parties to the transaction，Many also cooperate with insurance companies，Insurance for accidents；There are also platforms that cooperate with credit reporting agencies，Strengthen user credit identification and management。For example，Sesame Credit has been connected to Didi Chuxing、Xiaozhu Short-term Rental、ofo and other platforms。

“Our social responsibility is very heavy，To follow the society、User and government cooperation，Don’t view government regulation as a burden。" said Li Jianhua, chief development officer of Didi Chuxing，Didi wants to achieve long-term development，We must put safety and user experience before efficiency，“Platforms must be in line with national policies to have a future。”

*Source of article: People’s Daily，Author: Liu Zhiqiang，Original title: "Market transaction volume last year、The growth of financing scale exceeds 100%，What changes and challenges has the booming sharing economy brought about？How to move forward steadily？Sharing economy，Cool thoughts behind the excitement (economic hot spots)》