A few days ago，Wu Bihu, Director of the Tourism Research and Planning Center of Peking University, attended the 214th Economic and Management Forum of East District of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and delivered a keynote speech。Wu Bihu said，The revitalization and utilization of 188bet login requires solving three issues: Property rights、Capital、Quality。First, attach importance to property rights，Protect property rights，Increase enthusiasm for quality construction；The second is to increase investment，It is impossible to have a high-quality history without capital participation；The third is to work slowly and produce fine work，Don’t rush to build quickly。To establish a new view of 188bet login: Dialogue with history，Leave history for the future。

The following is the full text 188bet login speech:

The title of my report to you today is "The formation mechanism and main driving force of 188bet login heritage"，Mainly share three views。一、The formation of 188bet login heritage strongly depends on ancient construction activities；二、Business activities are the main driving force for the formation of 188bet login heritage；三、Today’s heritage revitalization should leave a legacy for the future。

The formation of 188bet login heritage strongly depends on ancient construction activities

188bet login Landscape

188bet login landscapes are some historical areas created by humans、Building or architectural ruins，From an overall perspective，its protection、Formation、Usage is an experience or something visible that is formed under the influence of people。Historic area of ​​the city、Traditional villages or traditional villages and towns，They are all 188bet login landscapes。

The word "landscape"，“View” is in ancient Chinese，In addition to the visual meaning，Also tall、Gao Shang、The meaning of high taste，"View" means what everyone can see，So landscape places great emphasis on morphological expression。But culture is often immaterial，So 188bet login landscapes are sometimes non-representational。For example, language landscape，Ask in Mandarin "Where are you studying in university？”，The question in Wuhan is "Where to study (xū)"。“Reading (xū)” is the landscape of Wuhan dialect。188bet login landscapes are not necessarily all buildings，It may also be an intangible 188bet login landscape。

Whether it is a 188bet login landscape、World Heritage、The historical part of the city is still an ancient village，Among these concepts, the word "protection" that we hear more often is the word "protection"，Many related laws、Regulations、Charter is also called protection。International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)，Its name emphasizes the site、Relics。Like Japan's "188bet login Properties Preservation Act"，Using "Save"。

188bet login heritage is built

From a historical perspective，Heritage is built，Protection is only auxiliary。We can’t just talk about protection without talking about construction，We must deeply understand the process of heritage construction。"The Story of Yueyang Tower" writes that "the spring of the fourth year of Qingli，Teng Zijing was relegated to Baling County。Vietnam year，Zhengtongrenhe，Everything can be made from waste。To rebuild Yueyang Tower，Add its old system，The poems of Tang Xian and modern people are engraved on it。”That is, Teng Zijing not only wants to rebuild but also expand Yueyang Tower，Also asked Fan Zhongyan to write him a preface，This is how 188bet login heritage is built。

A few more examples of world 188bet login heritage，They are the most awesome buildings in the world。

Confucius Temple in Qufu，Strictly speaking，It is the Kong family’s own property，But all previous governments will use money to support its construction，Because no matter which dynasty，The central government will regard Confucius as a tool to safeguard the central power，A tool of centralized rule。Pingyao ancient city walls as public goods，It was built with government money。But all the protected houses inside the walls of Pingyao Ancient City were built by Shanxi merchants，All private houses，So the ancient city of Pingyao is a 188bet login city jointly built by the officials and the people in ancient times。Suzhou Gardens，The famous architect I.M. Pei who passed away on May 16，His family lived in the Humble Administrator’s Garden in Suzhou during the Republic of China，Suzhou gardens are classic gardens built by private individuals。

Xidi Hongcun is the result of self-construction by Huizhou merchants，It is private property。Kaiping Diaolou was built by overseas Chinese who remitted money back to their hometown。Fujian Tulou，It is the result of the hard work of the Hakka people in the past dynasties。Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, which is included in the World 188bet login Heritage，It is the private construction achievement of China’s modern treaty port。Even the area where rice is grown in the Hani terraces was developed through private reclamation。The ancient city of Lijiang is also a business built by humans，Either selling horses，Or sell tea，So it’s called the Ancient Tea Horse Road。Therefore, all 188bet login heritages were built by one generation of people，None of them are protected，Or the government allocated funds for construction。

Business activities are the main driving force for the formation of 188bet login heritage

188bet login is not a moral flaw

Business activities have always been "blame-taking"，It’s obviously not its fault，But I have to say it’s its fault。I will talk to the students during class，What a great trip，How great，Saved many villages。The teacher who teaches landscape architecture can teach it，Travel is bad，Building a ropeway on Mount Tai ruins the scenery。Students are very confused，Which teacher did you listen to?？This is an example of tourism destroying 188bet login landscapes and taking the blame。

The past production and lifestyle created traditional villages，After industrialization，Humanity has entered the process of urbanization，The past production and lifestyle do not exist，Therefore, traditional villages cannot exist。We now find a way，In the past, rural areas only produced food，Rural areas now provide two services to the society，One is agricultural services，One is to provide rural lifestyle services。So those who live in the village are not necessarily farmers，Can also be a city resident。Real rural development must enter commercialization，Commercialization is not only a path for rural development，All 188bet login heritage is basically the result of commercial promotion。

188bet login is the “lifesaver” of the ancient village

Article 24 of the 188bet login Relics Protection Law，State-owned immovable 188bet login relics shall not be transferred、Mortgage。Create a museum、A conservation center or a state-owned 188bet login relics protection unit established as a tourist site，Not allowed to be operated as corporate assets。So I think the protection unit cannot operate，It is illegal to operate。Of course the 188bet login Relics Protection Law is being revised now，Added a chapter called Reasonable Utilization。

188bet login heritage is fragile，Engaging in tourism may affect the protection and sustainable inheritance of heritage。So many people mistakenly believe that tourism is the main reason for the destruction of 188bet login heritage。In fact it’s not the case，Tourism is the “lifesaver” of the ancient village，Because tourism has the conditions to create economic value，So tourism is not about destroying ancient buildings、Traditional neighborhood、Historic districts, etc.，But create 188bet login heritage。For example, Hui merchants are the main builders of the ancient villages in southern Anhui；Shanxi merchants are the ancient city of Pingyao、Qikou Ancient Town、The builder of Jinzhong compound。

One Belt and One Road are two major 188bet login achievements

Look at so many 188bet login sites developed around the world，For example, the Silk Road was actually the historical trade route of Eurasia。The Overland Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty，Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to open up the Western Regions，Starting from the capital Chang'an (now Xi'an)，via Gansu、Xinjiang，To Central Asia、West Asia，And connect the land routes of Mediterranean countries。This passage passed through the Western Han Dynasty、Eastern Han Dynasty、Wei and Jin Dynasties、Sui Dynasty、Tang Dynasty、Song and Yuan Dynasties，It did not decline until the Ming and Qing Dynasties。

Maritime Silk Road，It is the maritime channel for transportation, trade and 188bet login exchanges between China and foreign countries in ancient times，is the oldest known sea route。The prototype already existed in the Qin and Han Dynasties，Later development through the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties，reached its peak stage during the Song and Yuan Dynasties，Although it went from prosperity to decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties，But it is still an important transmission belt for the spread of Eastern civilization。Maritime and Overland Silk Road，They are all the results of China’s two major businesses。

Business brings 188bet login exchange and development opportunities

May 23，Wanli Tea Ceremony has just been included in China’s World Heritage Preparatory List by the State Administration of 188bet login Heritage，The Wanli Tea Ceremony originated from Wuyi Mountain in China in the 17th century，Hankou from the 18th century、Fuzhou、Three major distribution centers in Jiujiang，Evolved to Hankou from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century、Shanghai、Three major distribution centers in Fuzhou。Hankou，has always been one of the main tea distribution centers in modern China。

There are many commercial sites in the world 188bet login heritage，For example, the Ancient Tea Horse Road，The backbone road for the exchange of agricultural products and livestock products in southwest China，The tea-horse trade originated from the ancient southwest frontier，Prospered in Tang and Song Dynasties，Prosperous in Ming and Qing Dynasties，Most prosperous in the middle and late World War II。There are also bead-shaped ancient towns along the Sichuan-Guizhou Water Transport，It is the precious "crystallization" of commercial exchanges between Sichuan and Guizhou，The vitality of business，Brings real development opportunities to isolated rural areas，Not only leads local villagers to get rich，It also promotes 188bet login exchanges between the two places，So business is very important。

188bet login inherits rural memories

Are villages also made by commerce?？Yes，Because the houses built by farmers who do not do business usually have mud walls、Reed cloth top，It will be rebuilt after 20 years。What we call rural 188bet login buildings were created by the squires in the countryside in the past or those who came back from studying or going out to be officials or doing business。

Overall，The rapid growth of Chinese tourist arrivals and inbound tourism，Provide a large demand for the exploration of traditional culture。On the one hand, rural areas are the best window for the spread of Chinese civilization to foreign countries，On the other hand, the Chinese themselves are very interested in rural 188bet login、The need for pastoral society is very strong。So the future countryside should have two major functions，The first producer of grain，Second Production Spirit。So that young people can return to the countryside or rural farmers can be urbanized in place，Passing on Chinese culture from generation to generation。It can be said that business not only creates the legacy of the past，And can save today’s legacy。

Today’s 188bet login revitalization should leave a legacy for the future

188bet login does not exclude multiple uses

We want to create a legacy for the future，You can’t use your ancestors’ inheritance to make money every day。To pass today’s construction，Creating a legacy for the future。Activation is a positive conservation concept，The most essential protection is to maintain the economic function。The goal of activation is to make 188bet login heritage visible，Be understood，The next step is to participate，Must be able to touch，Then we need to peripheralize，Extended 188bet login and creative products。So heritage revitalization requires multi-disciplinary participation、Visitor participation、Community Engagement、Capital participation。

China is currently not doing well in heritage revitalization，Many heritage sites in the world do not exclude multiple uses。For example, Pamukkale in Türkiye is a world 188bet login heritage，The ancient Romans bathed there、Hot spring，Tourists are still soaking there。The Huaqing Pool where Concubine Yang and Li Longji soaked in hot springs can only be left there dry now。Fremantle Women’s Prison, the only World Heritage Site in Western Australia，Renovated into a youth hostel，Visitors can stay in "cells" covered with barbed wire。Bryggen, the ancient wooden house street in the world 188bet login heritage city of Bergen, is basically in commercial operation，It will not affect the protection of 188bet login relics and sustainable community development at all。

Authenticity theory in 188bet login revitalization

There are three theories of idealized 188bet login revitalization，Respectively, the authenticity of objectivism、Constructivist authenticity、The authenticity of geophilia。

The first point of authenticity of objectivism，That is, archaeological sites and original reconstruction，The focus is on the presentation 188bet login authenticity of Objectivism，Under the condition that historical information is relatively complete，Reconstruction request original address、Raw materials、Original process、Original function，For example, the Wenxing Bridge in Taishun, Zhejiang Province was rebuilt after the typhoon，Notre Dame de Paris will be rebuilt exactly according to its original appearance。

The second point is the authenticity of constructivism，That is, expression of values ​​and reconstruction of style，Rebuild the old structure，Reappearing the material landscape，Basic outline and theme style can be tested，No need for raw materials and original craftsmanship，Allow、Encourage new feature implantation，Such as the protective cover of Dingding Gate 188bet login ancient city of Sui and Tang Dynasties in Luoyang。

The third point of authenticity of geophilia，That is, loyalty to 188bet login and new construction，The focus is on presenting historical spatial information at 188bet login，Historical location symbolization、Staging，Provides modern features，Residents and visitors participate，Architectural style，Applied technology and innovative material technology。

A sense of place at 188bet login

Why must we rebuild the original site？Because the 188bet login relics’ original sense of place has early scene value。Historical events contained in the original location、Historical scenes and spirit of place，More than the building itself, it needs to be presented。The place genes and spiritual value carried by the original site，Far greater than the value of the 188bet login relic building itself。At the same time, we are in the evolution of the scene and the presentation of historical scenes，Rebuild、Rebuild、Create，It is difficult to restore the old as before。For example，The heavy Liuhe Pagoda must face the surging Qianjiang tide，The Feng Shui significance of responding to the tide of Hangzhou Bay at the Qiantang River Estuary；The Yellow Crane Tower, which was rebuilt on its original site many times during the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, must have stood between the narrow Turtle and Snake Mountains on the river，Because it is located on the narrowest section of the Yangtze River between the Turtle and Snake Mountains，Rapid flow，The sailors saw the Yellow Crane Tower，I feel more at ease。The Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan has actually been rebuilt many times in history，Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing dynasties，Regulation、Varies in sizes。

Building a new perspective on 188bet login

Today’s revitalization needs to solve three issues: property rights、Capital、Quality。First, attach importance to property rights，Protect property rights，Increase enthusiasm for quality construction；The second is to increase investment，188bet login impossible to have a high-quality history without capital participation；The third is to work slowly and produce fine work，Don’t rush to build quickly。

We need to establish a new view of 188bet login: Dialogue with history，Leave history for the future。Marx said，People create their own history。So our tourism development today，We must make use of traditional culture，Don’t always think about using it，Design it first，Then find good capital，To create a real legacy that will be passed down to future generations。

*This 188bet loginSource: WeChat public account "Earth Scenery" (ID: besconsultinggroup），Author: Wu Bihu，188bet login title: "Wu Bihu: The formation mechanism and main driving force of 188bet login heritage》.